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When selecting a gasket for an application, consider the material and type of gasket you require. Different gasket materials can withstand different pressures, temperatures, and other factors, such as moisture, chemicals, and oxidation. Gaskets come in a wide range of styles, thicknesses, and dimensions. Their mechanical strength, longevity, and flexibility will also influence their efficacy in a given environment.
Choosing a type of gasket or material that is not suited for its intended application or environment can result in the early failure of the gasket. If the failure is severe enough, it can even result in unforeseen and costly equipment downtime.
Metal Gaskets
Metal gaskets are preferred for extreme pressure applications. They have either an ovular or octagonal cross-section, with the octagonal option offering higher strength to withstand high pressures. Metal gaskets form a tight connection between two contact points to contain high-pressure fluids. Secured with a high-tension bolt, they are commonly found in industrial systems or oil and gas applications.
Metal gaskets come in the following material options:
Rubber Gaskets
Rubber sealing gaskets are made of soft materials and are compressed between two surfaces in low pressure or low tension applications. They are best for preventing leaks in low-pressure fluid sealing settings. Rubber gaskets are easily manufactured, affordable, and versatile enough to meet diverse specifications.
The following rubber gasket materials are the most popular:
Silicone Gaskets
Silicone gaskets are flexible and durable, able to resist water, UV exposure, corrosion, extreme temperatures, and ozone. Solid silicone gaskets create a lasting seal between metal surfaces. They also come in foam and sponge forms to create a seal in applications with minimal pressure. Silicone gaskets will not shrink or become brittle due to temperature changes. They are chemically inert and non-toxic, making them ideal for food and medical applications.
Silicone gaskets are often in outdoor settings as well as healthcare, consumer product, electronics, construction, and aerospace applications.
EPDM Gaskets
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a durable and flexible synthetic rubber. Its cross-linked structure provides exceptional stability, strength, and elasticity. EPDM gaskets can resist extreme temperatures, UV rays, ozone, and water.
EPDM gaskets are popular in various industries, including appliances, transportation, aerospace, construction, energy, marine, automotive, medical, and electrical.
Neoprene (Chloroprene) Gaskets
Neoprene is the proprietary name of chloroprene, a rubber known for its thermal stability, strength, and resistance to water, chemicals, and corrosion. Chloroprene gaskets are versatile, lightweight, and compressible, forming a high-quality seal. They are an ideal choice for the oil and petroleum industry, where they can withstand harsh environments and petroleum-based solvents.
Semi-Metallic or Composite Gaskets
Composite gaskets are made of metallic and nonmetallic materials to deliver unique properties. Various configurations—such as in tongue/groove, raised face, and male-female flanges—allow composite gaskets to fit a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions.
Some of the most common composite gaskets include: