Directional control valves can control the start, stop and change in the flow direction of a pressure medium (i.e. hydraulic oil). For this reason, they are also referred to as switching valves. Directional control valves are available as a spool, poppet, or rotary slide valves. Rotary slide valves, however, are no longer commonly used due to low operating pressure (up to 70 bar). Directional control valves without proportional control are referred to as switching valves.
The function of a directional control valve is determined by the number of working ports (excluding control ports) and the number of spool positions. A directional control valve comprises at least two spool (switching) positions and two working ports. The most common directional control valve is a 4/3-way valve, which means the valve has four working ports and three spool positions, by DIN ISO 1219.
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