This fact sheet is about the NYS policy for people, especially those who live within ten miles of a nuclear power plant, who may be exposed to radiation from a nuclear plant emergency. In December , the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said if there was a radiation emergency, people should take a drug that would help protect them from thyroid cancer. This drug is called potassium iodide (KI). The New York State Health Department agrees. The questions and answers below will give you more information.
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If there is a radiation emergency at a nuclear plant, large amounts of something called radioiodine could be put into the air. This could hurt your thyroid gland, or even cause thyroid cancer later on. You could breathe in the radioiodine or eat food that has some radioiodine in it. When you take the KI pill, it protects your thyroid gland from being harmed.
When you take the KI pill, it fills your thyroid with a kind of iodine that prevents your thyroid gland from taking in any of the radioactive kind of iodine.
Young children have the highest risk. We have learned this from looking at children in Russia and other areas who were exposed to the radioiodine from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.
You need to take KI before or just after you are exposed to radioiodine. You can also take it 3 or 4 hours later, but it will not be as helpful.
If there is an emergency, you will hear an announcement from your local or state health officials. Your local health department will tell you when you should start taking KI and they will also tell you when you can stop taking it.
KI will only protect you from radioactive iodine. It does not protect you from other kinds of radioactive material. KI works very well to protect your thyroid gland. However, it protects only your thyroid, not other parts of your body.
You will be told what, if any, actions you should take to protect yourself. This might include leaving the area, staying inside with your windows closed and/or taking KI.
In general, most people who have taken KI have not had any reactions (side effects). If people did have a reaction, it did not last very long. In a few cases, babies had a reaction in their thyroids. Adults who had reactions had stomach problems or a rash. The federal government thinks the benefits of taking KI are much greater than the risks.
Most people can take KI, but you should talk to your doctor before taking it. Talk to your doctor before an emergency occurs. It is not a good idea to take KI if you have certain medical conditions or problems. Babies need to be watched carefully if they take KI.
The table below shows the smallest KI dose that different age groups can take which will protect the thyroid. KI comes in liquid, 65-mg tablets and 130-mg tablets. Since it is hard to cut many pills, the State Health Commissioner says that, in an emergency, it is safe for children at school or day care centers to take the whole pill. It's better for children under 12 years old to take the 65-mg pill, but it is safe to take the 130-mg pill if that is the only one you have. For children or babies who cannot take pills, parents and caregivers can cut or crush the pill to make lower doses, or give the liquid form of KI.
Age Group KI Dosage Number of ml liquidKI is helpful for about 24 hours. You should keep taking it once a day until the health department says to stop, or you are out of the emergency area.
KI can come as a pill or a liquid. Pills are available in 65-mg or 130-mg doses. KI is also available as a liquid.
The manufacturers say KI stays "fresh" for 5-7 years. If you keep it in a dry, dark and cool place, it should last for many years.
No. You are allowed to get it over-the-counter.
Yes, though it may not widely available in drug stores near you. Since it is not a prescription drug, you can buy it over the Internet. As with other drugs, make sure the KI you buy has been approved by the FDA. A supply of KI has been made available to people who live within 10 miles of a nuclear power plant in New York State. If you live within 10 miles of a nuclear power plant and did not receive KI, contact your local Office of Emergency Management.
New York State Department of Health Infoline 1-800-458- or 518-402- or at
Potassium formate market size is forecastPotassium formate (HCO2K), is the potassium salt of formic acid. In high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) oil wells, potassium formate brines are extensively utilized in drilling, as these are environmentally friendly and enhance polymer stability. There is a continued preference for potassium formate over other salts, for application in oilfield, de-icing,, and hydrate inhibition which is anticipated to support the potassium formate industry growth.This is projected to substantially drive the potassium formate industry. Furthermore, the rapid growth of theindustry has increased the demand for oilfield fluids; thereby, fueling the overall market growth during the forecast period.
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely harmed the world's economy, putting a stop to the manufacturing process and hampering the worldwide trade cycle. Therefore, as companies were unable to satisfy the demand, the potassium format market was also hindered. Potassium formate has one of the most significant uses in the oil and gas industry; however, the functioning of the oil and gas industries was moderately hindered due to the lockdown. For instance, According to the Drilling Productivity Report Supplement published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, in the first half of , U.S. crude oil production shrank sharply. In April, it declined by 5.8% month over month and 16.6% in May. With the decrease in the drilling operation, the demand for oilfield fluids has significantly fallen, which is having a major impact on the potassium formate industry. This restrains in the oil & gas industry drilling operation eventually restrained the potassium formate market growth during the pandemic.
The report: &#;Potassium Formate Market &#; Forecast (-)&#;, by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Potassium Formate Industry.
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By Form: Solid, and Liquid
By Application: Oilfield Fluids, De-icing Agent, Heat Transfer Fluids, Anti-Freeze, Hydrate Inhibition, Water Treatment, Lubricants & Greases, Agrochemicals, and Others
By End-Use Industry: Mining, Oil & Gas (Shale Stabilization, Drilling, Reclamation, and Others), Energy & Power, Automotive (Passenger Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV), and Others), Healthcare, Aerospace (Commercial, Military, and Others), Building, and Construction (Residential, Commercial, Infrastructural, and Industrial), Agriculture (Fertilizers, Forage Preservation, and Others), and Others
By Geography: North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico), Europe (U.K, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Russia, Belgium, and Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Rest of APAC), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Rest of South America), Rest of the World (Middle East, and Africa)
The liquid segment held the largest share in the potassium formate market in and is growing at a CAGR of 2.4% during -. Potassium brine is a transparent liquid with a superior density and is used significantly in the form of brine. Solid potassium formate is a white crystal clear powder that is hygroscopic in type, but relative to liquid form its use is very narrow. Therefore, the production of liquid potassium formate is more lucrative and generates more revenue-generating opportunities in the industry. Also, potassium formate brine solutions are being produced to clear snow from aircraft surfaces, which are anticipated to be a major opportunity for the potassium formate market growth during the forecast period.
The oilfield fluids segment held the largest share in the potassium formate market in and is growing at a CAGR of 2.7% during -. Potassium formate is extensively used in oilfield fluids and is being more popular due to its compatibility and favourable properties. Traditional salts are being replaced by potassium formate in the oilfield application as potassium formate clear brines are environment-friendly and are biodegradable, which makes them suitable vis-à-vis halide-based fluids. Also, potassium formate fluids are considered as one of the most efficient drilling fluids in petroleum industries, especially in shale to minimize the drilling inefficiencies during operational performances. The mixture of sodium-potassium has the highest shale recovery (approximately 95%). Thus, these extensive properties make potassium formate suitable for oilfield fluid applications, owing to which it is the largest and fastest-growing segment under the application segmentation of the market during the forecast period.
The oil & gas segment held the largest share in the potassium formate market in and is growing at a CAGR of 2.5% during -, as it provides high density, which is required for a deep good drilling. Further, it has a higher solubility in water than any other formate and is environmentally safe, which is driving its demand in the oil & gas industry for applications such as drilling fluids, shale stabilization, and more. Since supply continues to surpass demand, the oil & gas industry is going through a phase of a renaissance. In the oil & gas market, the prolonged period of bullishness has also rubbed off on drilling activities across the globe. has seen a steady rise in drilling operations. For example, according to the U.S. Increases in drilling activity by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) forced U.S. crude oil and natural gas output to set new peaks of 12.2 million barrels per day (b/d) and 111.5 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d), respectively, in . Thus, the strong momentum in the oil & gas exploration domain is expected to lead to a steady stream of demand from the oil & gas industry for potassium formate during the forecast period.
Europe region held the largest share in the potassium formate market in up to 42%, owing to the high demand for potassium formate in the oil & gas industry and as a de-icing agent. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the oil refinery throughput increased from 12,666 thousand barrels daily in to 12,740 thousand barrels in . The demand for potassium formate is projected to rise at a sluggish pace in Europe owing to the increasing oil refinery activities, which is substantially increasing the demand for potassium formate as oilfield fluids. Furthermore, the stringent regulations of the aerospace industry enforcing sustainable and environment-friendly solutions for de-icing in Europe have led to potassium formate gradually replacing potassium acetate and urea as the preferred de-icing agent on runways. These innovations are also affecting the municipal and commercial industries, with potassium formate-based de-icing solutions being used to reduce the negative effects of road winter de-icing as well. While a complete change towards de-icing agents based on potassium formate is supposed to be incremental, these innovations have led to much greater opportunities for manufacturers on the market for potassium formate, which will then drive the potassium formate market growth in Europe during the forecast period.
Figure: Europe Potassium Formate Market Revenue, - (US$ Million)
There have been minimal applications of potassium formate as a heat-transfer liquid. However, end-use industries are looking at feasible solutions for heating and cooling processes due to the increasing emphasis on sustainability, and potassium formate is seen as a viable alternative. With a quality premium, producers are now focusing on heat transfer fluids based on potassium formate to be used in refrigerated systems, instead of calcium chloride and other brine solutions. And governments are taking initiative to boost the refrigeration industry to provide access to sustainable cooling. For instance, in March , the Indian government launched the India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP) encompassing inter alia reduction of cooling demand, refrigerant transition, enhancing energy efficiency, and better technology options with a 20-year time horizon. Potassium formate-based refrigerated systems are steadily gaining momentum, with non-toxic and non-hazardous products making their way into the commercial sector in the name of viable technology. Thus, the growing demand for non-hazardous heat transfer fluids brings potassium formate into prominence in the growing refrigeration industry, owing to which the market is likely to grow at a substantial rate during the forecast period.
The end-use industries are continually under pressure to reduce operating costs, improve efficiency and raise productivity. This strain hits the supply chain in which end-use suppliers are actively engaged in R&D to satisfy customer demand. The prominent requirements created by the end-user are among the divergent needs, protection, agility, and efficacy of the drilling fluids. The growth of smooth fluids and the introduction of high chemical strength are phenomena among the changes that are actively incorporated into the drilling process. In addition, the demand for the former feature includes an improvement in end-user sentiment for hazardous results due to snowfall and that of the latter from ongoing deicing applications at airports. There is a growing demand for the production of potassium formate brine solutions to extract snow from the surface of the aircraft, as they are delicate and stable when handling a wide range of temperatures compared to other alternatives on the market. Thus, the growing demand for potassium formate for different applications is driving the market.
Seasonal variations, including low winter snowfall, remain highly affected by the intake amount of potassium formate. The widespread availability of competitively priced potassium formate alternatives will continue to restrict sales to some degree. In addition, the volatility of the prices of raw materials used in the manufacture of potassium formate is another strong factor limiting producers in the demand for potassium formate. Although market stakeholders are facing upward pricing pressure as a result of the tightening supply scenario, a substantial decrease in formic acid consumption observed over the past few years will also continue to be a significant factor with a negative effect on market development.
Technology launches, acquisitions, and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the potassium Formate market. Major players in the potassium formate market are Perstorp Holdings, ADDCON, SynaTek, BASF SE, ESSECO UK Limited, Chongqing Chuandong Chemical (Group) Co. Ltd., Kemira Oyj, Cabot Corporation, Sinomine Resource Group Co., Ltd., and Nachurs Alpine Solutions Industrial (NASi).
Report Code: CMR
Report Code: CMR
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