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The tubesheet, which is a round steel plate with a slightly larger hole drilled in it than the outer diameter of the tube, is a round steel that plays a role in fixing the tube in the heat exchanger as well as sealing the medium. The tube will be welded into the fixed, to play such a role of an accessory.
In the fixed tube plate in the accounting according to the temperature difference of various working conditions accounted for shell axial stress, heat exchanger tube axial stress, heat exchanger tube and tubesheet between the pull-off force q, there is a can not satisfy the strength (or smooth) premise, it is necessary to set the expansion section.
In the fixed tubesheet strength verification calculation, when the thickness of the tubesheetafter judgment, not set up expansion section, sometimes the strength of the tube plate can not, set up expansion section, the thickness of the tube plate or satisfied with the request. At this moment, can also be set up to expand the section to reduce the thin tube plate, but from the material consumption, manufacturing difficulties, insurance and economic consequences of the deduction assessment.
Fixed tube plate heat exchanger is commonly used in the U-shaped expansion section, it exists compact and simple structure, to make up for the good, cheap and other advantages. Tube plate with chemical equipment, power stations, the diameter of its tube plate has become increasingly large, the diameter of 4m-5m tube plate is very common. The characteristics of the large pipe plate are the number of holes, dense, small aperture, deep, high precision and finish requirements.
The use of amended tubesheet is commonly used in the column tube heat exchanger, boiler, pressure vessel, steam turbine, large central air conditioning and other occupations. Important for chemical vessels, such as tubular heat exchangers, pressure vessels, boilers, condensers, central air conditioning, evaporators, desalination, to support the consequences of the fixed tube, the raw material of metal makes it not only has a strong rigidity, and there is a great heat transfer effect.
Shell and tube heat exchangers stand out as one of the most popular types of heat exchangers used in industry today. Renowned for their versatility, ease of maintenance, and availability in a range of sizes, they cater to diverse applications.
In the process of choosing the ideal configuration for a shell and tube heat exchanger, factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the processing fluid come into play. Design considerations encompass choices like straight or U-tube arrangements, single or double tube sheets, as well as options between fabricated or machined channels. In the following discussion, we&#;ll delve into the nuances of tube sheet selections.
Tube sheets are round, flat plates made from a variety of materials including stainless steel, duplex, AL6XN and Hastelloy. Their primary function is to support and isolate the tubing. Since tube sheets are in contact with both fluids on the shell side and the tube side, they must have corrosion resistance and be sealed tightly to prevent fluids from gaining contact.
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At Enerquip, each tube is roller-expanded into grooved tube sheets. Typically, tube sheets less than 1.5&#; thick receive single sealing grooves and those thicker are double-grooved. The tube-to-tube sheet joints can also include seal welding or strength welding when requested.
Once the tubes are in place, the tube sheet face is polished (if required) to the specified finish for enhanced stability and contamination prevention.
Every exchanger will have the option of a single tube sheet or double tube sheets.
In a single tube sheet design, the tubes are expanded and sometimes seal welded into one tube sheet that is held between the bonnet and shell flange. If there is a leak between the tube sheet and the tubes, cross-contamination of the process and utility fluids could occur.
In a double tube sheet design, a second outer tube sheet is added to further seal and separate the tubes and the shell. The gap between the tube sheets allows for differential radial thermal expansion, minimizing stress on the tube-to-tube sheet expansions. In the event of a leak in a tube-to-tube sheet joint, shell-side or tube-side fluids would flow out into the gap between the two tube sheets, instead of the leak causing cross-contamination issues. Leaks can also be easily detected and fixed sooner.
Enerquip exchangers are fabricated using multiple measures to ensure proper hygienic design and production. As a standard, pharma-grade exchangers are designed with double tube sheets to minimize the risk of cross-contamination of process fluids between the shell and tubes.
Pharmaceutical units also include roller expanding and seal welding of the tube-to-tube sheet joints on the face of the outer tube sheet per ASME BPE. The roller-expanded and seal-welded surfaces are then polished to the specified finish for all the wetted surfaces.
Double tube sheets are crucial for the safe operation of many heat exchanger applications. In recent years, power plant condensers have even made use of double tube sheet designs. And water treatment facilities use double tube sheets to prevent contamination of their treated and demineralized water from the raw water they used in their condenser steam space.
Both straight tube and U-tube style heat exchangers can utilize the double tube sheet design for added safety and security.
This type of heat exchanger uses tube sheets that are either welded directly to the shell or floating inside the shell. In a welded construction, an expansion joint may be necessary to allow for differential thermal expansion between the tubes and shell.
As the name indicates, the tubes inside the shell are U-shaped. The tubes start at the top of the tube sheet, make a U-shaped bend, then come back to the bottom. The U-tube design does not require an expansion joint because the tube bundle is free to expand or contract.
The ability of thermal regulating equipment like heat exchangers, condensers, and immersion heaters to heat and cool substances efficiently and safely, make them an indispensable tool in industrial processes. Choosing the right equipment to fit your production operations will help greatly in ensuring your process and product quality.
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