A printed circuit board (PCB) is a thin board made from fiberglass, composite epoxy, or other laminate materials. PCBs are found in various electrical and electronic components such as beepers, radios, radars, computer systems, etc. Different types of PCBs are used based on the applications. What are the various types of PCBs? Read on to know.
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What are the Different Types of PCBs?
PCB&#;s are often classified on the basis of frequency, a number of layers and substrate used. Some popular types are discussed below.
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Single Sided PCBs
Single sided PCBs are the basic type of circuit boards, which contain only one layer of substrate or base material. The layer is covered with a thin layer of metal, i.e. copper- which is a good conductor of electricity. These PCBs also contain a protective solder mask, which is applied on the top of the copper layer along with a silk screen coat. Some advantages offered by single sided PCB&#;s are:
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Single sided PCB&#;s are utilized for volume production and are low in cost.
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These PCBs are utilized for simple circuits such as power sensors, relays, sensors and electronic toys.
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Double Sided PCBs
Double sided PCBs have both the sides of the substrate featuring metal conductive layer. Holes in the circuit board allow the metal parts to be attached from one side to the other. These PCBs connect the circuits on the either side by either of the two mounting schemes, namely through-hole technology and surface mount technology. The through-hole technology involves inserting of lead components through the pre-drilled holes on the circuit board, which are soldered to the pads on the opposite sides. The surface mount technology involves electrical components to be directly placed on the surface of the circuit boards. Advantages offered by double sided PCBs are:
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Surface mounting allows more circuits to be attached to the board in comparison to the through-hole mounting.
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These PCB&#;s are utilized in a wide range of applications, including mobile system, power monitoring, test equipment, amplifiers, and many others.
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Multi-layer PCBs
Multi-layer PCBs are printed circuit boards, which comprise more than two copper layers like 4L, 6L, 8L, etc. These PCBs expand the technology used in double sided PCB&#;s. Various layers of a substrate board and insulating materials separate the layers in multi-layer PCBs. The PCBs are compact sized, and offer benefits of weight and space. Some advantages offered by multi-layer PCBs are:
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Multi-layer PCBs offer a high level of design flexibility.
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These PCBs play an important role in high speed circuits. They provide more space for conductor pattern and power.
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Rigid PCBs
Rigid PCBs refer to those types of PCBs whose base material is fabricated from a solid material and which cannot be bent. Some salient advantage offered by them:
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These PCBs are compact, which ensures the creation of variety of complex circuitry around it.
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Rigid PCBs offer easy repair and maintenance, as all the components are clearly marked. Also, the signal paths are well organized.
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Flexible PCBs
Flexible PCBs are constructed on a flexible base material. These PCBs come in single sided, double-sided and multilayer formats. This helps in reducing the complexity within the device assembly. Some advantages offered by these PCBs are:
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These PCBs help save a lot of space, along with reducing the overall board weight.
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Flexible PCBs helps in decreasing the board size, which makes it ideal for various applications where high signal trace density is needed.
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These PCBs are designed for working conditions, where temperature and density is a main concern.
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Rigid-Flex-PCBs
Rigid flex PCBs are the combination of rigid and flexible circuit boards. They comprise of multiple layers of flexible circuits attached to more than one rigid board.
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These PCBs are precision built. Hence, it is used in various medical and military applications.
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Being light-weight, these PCB offer 60% of weight and space savings.
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High-Frequency PCBs
High-frequency PCBs are used in the frequency range of 500MHz &#; 2GHz. These PCBs are used in various frequency critical applications like communication systems, microwave PCBs, microstrip PCBs, etc.
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Aluminum backed PCBs
These PCBs are used in high power applications, as the aluminum construction helps in heat dissipation. Aluminum backed PCBs are known to offer high level of rigidity and low level of thermal expansion, which makes them ideal for applications having high mechanical tolerance. The PCBs are used for LEDs and power supplies.
The demand for PCBs is catching up in various industrial sectors. Today, you will find various reputed PCB manufacturers and distributors, who cater the competitive connective devices market. It is always recommended to buy PCBs for industrial and commercial use from reputed manufacturers and suppliers. Twisted Traces is one such trusted and experienced manufacturers of different types of PCBs. The company has consistently provided their customers with high-quality circuit boards with excellent speed, and performance.
PCBs are typically made of multiple layers, including RF4 material substrate (such as fiberglass) for insulation, and copper to conduct electric current.
Creating a PCB is a multi-step process that includes:
#1 Designing the PCB &#; advanced software is used to determine the size, dimensions and number of layers needed for the PCB.
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#2 Printing the PCB design &#; a specialized printer called a plotter printer is used to print the design, which is made up of multiple layers for the conductive and non-conductive areas. The print becomes the foundation of the substrate, which holds the components of the structure includes copper on both sides of the layer.
#3 Printing the copper for the interior layers &#; the design of the PCB is printed to a laminate that includes a film designed to react with ultraviolet light to properly align the board and the layout of the electrical components.
#4 Getting rid of the extra copper &#; because the design has been cooked and processed with ultraviolet lights, certain areas are hardened and the copper is bonded to the board. The next step is to use a chemical solution to remove the unnecessary copper from the board.
#5 Inspection and layer alignment &#; once the extra copper is removed, the design must be scrutinized to ensure all the layer and drill holes align properly. A machine drills a pin through the layers to keep them aligned. Then another machine tests the board for errors.
#6 Laminating the PCB layers &#; once the board passes inspection, an epoxy resin layer is applied to laminate the board. Another layer of substrate is applied, then layers of substrate resin and copper foil are applied and pressed together.
#7 Drilling holes &#; a computer-guided drill is used to drill holes through the substrate and inner panels at the appropriate places for the design. Once drilling is completed, any copper left over is removed.
#8 PCB plating &#; an additional copper layer is added to the board, followed by a thin tin guard to protect the outer layer of copper from being etched off. From there, the PCB receives a solder mask, silkscreen with critical information and placed with a solderable finish.
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