The sun is identical to a big burning ball having an operative blackbody temperature of K. More interesting the central interior region is valued at 8×106 to 40×106 K with a density of more than 100 times of water emitting a lot of energy for our needs. Remarkably, Photovoltaic panels were designed to fulfill the energy demands for space activities, but they have become the most favorable energy conversion devices as the installed worldwide capacity had been reached up to 632.4 gigawatts in . This popularity is backed by their exceptional properties and efforts in their proper designing to avail the maximum profit. Anyone can estimate the stand-alone, grid-tied, and hybrid solar systems for his use from a few KW to MW by following the formulae given in this blog.
In the event that you have an inquiry as a top priority about the top sustainable power sources, at that point, you must look this article. What Are the Top FIve Renewable Energy Sources and Leading Countries, Relatively?
PV panels, Inverter, Charge Controller, Battery Bank are core components of any solar energy system. One just has to put the required values in the formulae to calculate the all components capacity therefore designing of solar systems is not a hectic and big deal to do.
There are following the simple steps to estimate the solar system capacity and other designing aspects.
1. Load calculation
First of all, you should compute your day by day loads to be handle by the solar system. For that reason, there are two strategies
I. Calculate the daily average units (energy use) by using the electric bill (average units)
II. Secondly, the LE can be calculated by using the following equation.
Le = The total electric load in KWh per day
ti = The time of operation of ith appliance per day rated power of the ith item
Fig: Calculation of energy usage per day
2. PV Panels Calculation
At the point when you are finished with load calculations, you need to assess the PV panels maximum capacity (PVMax).
Here,
PVMax = Peak power of PV array (KWp)
LE = Electric load (kWh/d)
IP = Peak solar intensity (1 KW/m2 for all over the world)
HAvg = Average available radiation in kWh/m2/d
Check HAvg for your location as it differs for different locations.
2A. How to calculate the number of PV panels?
The number of PV panels will be according to the available power capacity per panel in the market and very interesting to know the Trina Solar has introduced the Panels up to 600W. The number of PV panels can be easily calculated by the following formula.
Here,
Pm = Rated power of the selected panel
PVN = Number of the PV Panels
2B. How to select the type of PV panel?
There are two main types of PV panels monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Monocrystalline (23%) are comparatively more efficient than polycrystalline (18%) but they are more sensitive to temperature (lose their efficiency at the rate of 0.5%/C0 above than 25 C0) therefore not suitable for high-temperature sites. Be that as it may, you don't need to stress over in light of the fact that you can pick the mix of the two kinds to benefit both high productivity and temperature obstruction, accessible in the market nowadays.
3. Charge Controller
If you are designing a hybrid solar system, then the charge controller is required to control the charging and discharging of the batteries as it prevents the overcharging of the batteries by detaching them from the solar system when completely energized.
Mostly the charge controllers are rated in terms of current (A) value which can be easily calculated by the following equation
It is noteworthy that in modern systems the charge controllers have been eliminated and their function is performed by the invertors.
4. Battery Bank
The battery bank is another important component in the designing hybrid solar systems as they are used to store energy to use in the time of sun unavailability. The batteries are quite helpful in the domain of reliability but high cost, limited life cycle, and energy loss in the energy cycle make them unfavorable. Therefore the Grid-Tied systems getting more attention.
There are two main types of batteries used in Pakistan one is Led-Acid batteries and Li-Ion batteries.
Whatever the type of battery you selected. The capacity of battery of bank can be calculated by following formula.
L = Load (W)
Cbb = Capacity of the battery bank in Ah
Dd = Depth of discharge infraction
VBat = Nominal voltage of the battery
a = Number of days for backup (in case of off stand-alone systems )
tapp = Minimum back up time in hours of the appliances
4A. How to calculate the number of batteries required?
In the wake of ascertaining the limit of the battery bank, you need to compute the number of batteries to be associated in the arrangement an equal as indicated by inverter specs.
Here,
BN = Number of batteries
Cbb = capacity of the battery bank (Ah)
CB = Capacity of a single battery (Ah)
5. Size Calculation of Invertor
The invertor is a device that converts the DC from panels into AC for the load. This device should be able to handle peak load plus surge loads otherwise tripping of invertor is not advisable at any cost. Infect, all recent development in the invertor make the solar systems most acceptable by all corners. The excellent performance of the hybrid system, grid-tied systems, system-related information on the mobile, and successful net metering all are only possible due to the use of artificial intelligence in the invertor.
The invertor is usually valued 20-25% more than the maximum solar panels capacity to handle the losses and for safety due to inductive loads and safety factors. The efficiency of the inverter ranges from 90% to 98%. Due to modern electronics, this is the most efficient device in all solar system components.
Cinv = 1.2 PVMax
Here
Cinv = Capacity of invertor (KW)
If the load very inductive and VFDs are not being used, then you should consider the surge factor also in estimating the capacity of the invertor
Cinv = 1.2 (PVMax)(Kin)
Here,
Kin = Surge factor (its value depends upon appliances, but it is taken as 2.5 for average)
The number of strings, voltage, and current per string, as well as the input, out-put voltages all, depend upon the invertor specs and it varies from invertor to invertor type.
6. Area Required for PV Panels
Due to lower efficiency, the PV panels required comparatively more area than any other energy source. The minimum area for the PV panels can be estimated by the following equation but note that the area required for their spacing to avoid shading is exempted.
Here
AT = Minimum total required area for PV panels
Ap = Area per panel (dimensions can be seen on the technical list of the panel printed on the backside of the panel)
PVN = Total number of PV panels
Furthermore, the area can be calculated by the following equation as well
7. Sizing of Electrical Cables
The size of the cables for carrying the required current and voltages is a key factor for efficiency and safety. For the selection of cables, the current rating is more important to consider and by rule, the current is directly proportional to the area of the cable.
Click here to find the exact area of the cable according to the current rating (A)
What Are the Most Important Softwares Used to Design Solar PV Systems?
Undoubtedly, we can design solar energy systems manually, but technological development leads us to more accuracy and easiness. Therefore, there are many softwares that are available to design solar systems in a superior manner. Here is a list of the most famous software for designing and simulation of Grid-Tied, Hybrid, and Stand Alone.
You can download and explore them by just clicking on them.
2. PV Sol
3. Sketch Up
4. Solar Pro
5. Homer Pro
Hope this is will help to design solar systems for your home, industry by yourself.
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How to Design Solar PV System?
As we know, the photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most important renewable energy sources. It can be used in many applications such as powering homes, buildings, and even vehicles. The PV system can also be used to generate electricity by using solar panels.
In this article, we will discuss everything about the design of a solar PV system.
First things First
You need to have a few things in place before you start setting up a PV system-
Determine Power Requirements
The first thing that you need to do is to determine the power requirements of your home or building. This can be done by doing a load calculation. A load calculation takes into account the appliances and devices that will be powered by the PV system.
Determine the number of Solar Panels
Once you have determined the power requirements, you need to determine the number of solar panels needed to meet those requirements. This can be done by using a solar panel calculator.
There are many factors that will affect the number of panels such as the
Size of the panels
The efficiency of the panels
The angle of the sun
Choose an Inverter
The next step is to choose an inverter. An inverter is needed to convert the DC power from the solar panels into AC power. There are many different types of inverters available on the market. You need to choose one that is compatible with your PV system.
Size your Battery Bank
The last step is to size your battery bank. A battery bank is needed to store excess energy produced by the PV system. The size of the battery bank will depend on several factors such as the
Number of solar panels
The size of the inverter
The power requirements
These are just a few things that you need to consider when designing a solar PV system.
Now that we have covered the basics, let's move on to the more detailed steps involved in designing a solar PV system.
Steps involved in Designing a PV system
STEP 1
As we mentioned earlier, one of the most important factors in determining the size of your PV system is your power requirements. This can be determined by doing a load calculation. A load calculation takes into account all of the appliances and devices that will be powered by the PV system.
STEP 2
The next step is to determine the number of solar panels needed to meet those power requirements. This can be done by using a solar panel calculator. There are many different types of solar panels available on the market, so it is important to choose one that is compatible with your PV system.
STEP 3
Once you have determined the number of solar panels needed, you need to choose an inverter. An inverter is needed to convert the DC power from the solar panels into AC power. There are also many different types of inverters available on the market, so it is important to choose one that is compatible with your PV system.
STEP 4
The last step in sizing your PV system is to size your battery bank. A battery bank is needed to store excess energy produced by the PV system.
The size of the battery bank will depend on several factors such as the
Number of solar panels
The size of the inverter
The power requirements.
Ideally, the battery type recommended for use in a solar PV system is a deep-cycle battery.
Once you follow the 4 step process to design your PV system, you also need to make sure you are doing everything to use the whole of the pv panel capacity and that it is working as required for your solar projects. So, what is that you can do?
Do this to make sure your system will function as intended!
This is an important process in the design of a photovoltaic system.
There are a few key steps that need to be followed in order to ensure the system will function as intended.
Consumption Demands
The first step is to determine power or energy consumption demands. This includes understanding how much power will be needed on a daily basis and determining what appliances or devices will be powered by the solar PV array.
Size the PV modules
Once this information is gathered, the next step is to size the PV modules. This involves calculating the number of modules needed based on the power consumption demand and choosing modules that are compatible with the other components in the system.
Inverter Sizing
Inverter sizing is another critical element in solar PV system design. The inverter converts DC power from the PV modules into AC power that can be used by appliances and devices.
It is important to select an inverter that is sized appropriately for the system, as an undersized inverter can cause problems with power quality and an oversized inverter can leave you with energy lost.
Battery Sizing
Battery sizing is another key component of solar PV system sizing. The battery stores excess power generated by a PV module so that it can be used when needed.
It is important to choose a battery that is compatible with the other components in the system and that has enough battery capacity to meet the power needs of the system.
Solar charge controller sizing
The last step in solar PV system sizing is to choose a solar charge controller. The solar charge controller regulates the flow of electricity from the PV modules to the batteries.
It is important to select a solar charge controller that is compatible with the other components in the system and has the right features for the specific application.
Now, that you have taken care of the following you can be sure that you are taking advantage of all that solar power has to offer. Still, confused and wish to know how to become a solar PV designer? Read our blog post on the same, "What are the Requirements to become a Solar PV designer?".
Moving on to PV Installation
After the solar PV system is sized, the next step is to install it.
This process includes-
Choosing the right location for the system
Installing the PV modules
Connecting the components of the system
Testing the system to ensure it is working properly.
Solar photovoltaic systems are a great way to save money on your electric bill and reduce your carbon footprint.
With a little bit of planning, you can design a system that will meet your energy needs and help you save money on your electric bill.
Types of PV systems
There are two main types of PV systems
Grid-connected
Stand-alone.
Grid-connected systems are connected to the electric power grid, while stand-alone systems are not.
Grid-connected PV systems
Grid-connected PV systems are connected to the electric power grid. They use PV panels to convert sunlight into electricity, and they use this electricity to power homes and businesses. Any excess electricity generated by the system is fed back into the grid.
Stand-alone PV systems
Stand-alone PV systems are not connected to the electric power grid. They use PV panels to convert sunlight into electricity, and they use this electricity to power homes and businesses. Stand-alone PV systems are usually used in remote locations where it is not practical to connect to the electric power grid.
You can opt for the most compatible options from the 2 types of PV systems mentioned above for your business and make the most out of them.
Now that you know about types of PV systems, let's talk about the best way to calculate and design PV systems, Solar Design Software!
About Sunbase Solar Design Software
Users of the Sunbase Solar Software can launch Solar Design Software to design photovoltaic installations.
After picking an address, the desired installation area may be plotted and panels can be generated. Solar specialists may choose the relevant tools, and available capacity can be determined depending on the surface area.
Roof pitch, azimuth, and panel angle are PV system design factors used to estimate PV Watts simulated production. Set up solar arrays, panels, meters, and battery walls.
Our solar design software is simple for solar installers to learn and use, as well as economical to scale, whether you're a small, mid-size, or enterprise-sized business.
For more Customized PV Moduleinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.