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The strength of an MRI systems magnetic field is directly proportional to the level of detail in the images the system produces. Presently, there are magnets available in four main categories: 3.0T, 1.5T, 1.0T, and open/extremity magnets under 1.0T.
Gradients in an MRI scanner, consisting of three smaller magnets, are crucial for affecting the scanner's image quality as they generate the magnetic fields for the X, Y, and Z planes, enabling precise imaging of specific body sections.
These gradient packages, while fundamentally serving the same purpose, vary significantly among different manufacturers and are named differently, such as "Twinspeed", "XGV", "Ultra", "Master", etc. The performance of these gradient systems is primarily evaluated using two metrics: amplitude and slew rate.
Amplitude measures the rate of change in the magnetic field across a distance, expressed in milliteslas per meter (mT/m), impacting the scanner's ability to detail certain body parts. Slew rate, indicating how quickly the system reaches its peak amplitude, is measured in teslas per meter per second (T/m/s) and affects the speed and efficiency of the imaging process.
The higher the amplitude and slew rate, the higher the cost of the MRI system. Although youll be getting more anatomical slices and clearer images, youll have to first determine if the additional costs can be justified by your patient volume and the type of studies you perform.
Throughput is the capacity of an MRI machine to efficiently perform a high volume of scans within a given timeframe, without compromising on image quality or operational efficiency. It is a critical factor to consider as higher throughput can lead to increased patient satisfaction by reducing wait times and more.
With purchasing an MRI machine, the software options play a critical role in determining the machine's capabilities, efficiency, and the quality of the images it produces.
Each MRI system may come with its own proprietary software or offer compatibility with third-party options. It's important to consider not only the current needs but also potential future applications and upgrades when selecting software for an MRI machine.
Make certain that the software that you are purchasing meets your clinical need for the exams you intend to perform. The radiologists and technologists are a great resource to include in the process to guide you on which software and hardware to include on your purchase. Care should be taken so you do not over-purchase software that will not be used clinically.
When discussing an "MRI suite," it refers to the specific set of rooms associated with the MRI machine itself, not the entire medical facility. This suite typically includes:
Scan Room: The primary area where the MRI machine and patient table are located, and where the actual scanning takes place.
Equipment Room: A room dedicated to housing the electronic equipment connected to the MRI magnet.
Control Room: The workspace for technicians operating the MRI, equipped with a desk, chair, and computer workstation.
Changing Room: An optional but common addition providing a space for patients to change clothes and for storing QA phantoms, manuals, or system accessories.
In terms of space requirements, constructing a new MRI suite demands approximately 800-850 square feet, including additional areas such as waiting rooms and hallways. For installations within existing facilities, around 650 square feet should be allocated or added for the suite. As for construction costs, a general estimate for new buildings is about $400 per square foot, though this can vary based on location, materials, suppliers, and builders.
Preparing your facility for an MRI installation may require you to work with engineers,
building contractors, electricians, architects, and any number of other specialists depending on how your existing building is set up. The costs for their services and the materials theyll require will need to be determined on a case-by-case basis.
Why Are MRIs So Expensive at Hospitals?
If you or someone you love has ever needed to get an MRI at a hospital, you might have had a shock when you saw the bill. According to TIME Magazine, the price for a single MRI scan, averaged across hospitals and imaging clinics, is about $2,600 (although usually considerably less at freestanding imaging clinics). However, according to Jim Cramers The Street, some MRIs cost as much as $13,000.
If youre insured, some of that cost is covered by your health insurance provider. However, as CNBC reports, co-pays and deductibles are on the rise, and employees are paying a greater share of their health insurance premiums. Even if youre insured, a five-figure diagnostic test can be financially devastating.
Add to that the stress of not knowing in advance how much the MRI will cost. Even a reporter with Kaiser Health News struggled to get a clear estimate for her own MRI and was still surprised by some add-on costs after the fact.
Between the financial stress and the anxiety of not knowing how much youll be charged, its quite natural to wonder: why are MRIs so expensive at hospitals?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is possible only because of some very advanced technology and the skills of some highly-trained specialists. An MRI is much more complex than an X-ray or CT scan, for example, and there are some built-in reasons why MRIs will always be more expensive than other imaging techniques.
While some low-field MRI machines can cost as little as $150,000, typical prices range from $1 million to as high as $3 million for a single, state-of-the-art, high-powered MRI machine that can deliver the most detailed results.
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The investment for the facility doesnt end there. MRI machines must be installed in magnetically sterile clean rooms that eliminate outside interference while protecting people and property outside the room from the magnetic fields. This can push the installation cost alone up to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
This led Money magazine to estimate that the total cost of purchasing and installing an MRI machine in a dedicated suite runs from $3 million to $5 million, an investment that must be recouped over the lifetime of the machine. And again, thats for one single MRI machine.
Multimillion-dollar machines come with pricey annual maintenance costs, but thats just the beginning.
Because MRIs use powerful magnetic fields and are cooled by liquid helium, they consume a lot of electricity. A study by PE International found that the average MRI scan uses 15 kWh, about half the energy used by an average U.S. home in a day, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The same study found that, with an average of 21 patients scanned each day, each machine was using about ten times the daily electricity of a typical U.S. home.
For some MRI scans, patients are also injected with a contrast dye that contains gadolinium, a rare-earth element. This dye enhances the detail of the scan, but it can also add hundreds of dollars to the cost.
Radiologists and radiology technologists need special, advanced training to operate and interpret the results of an MRI scan.
Operating an MRI requires a sophisticated understanding of electromagnetic fields, cryogenics (to cool the superconducting magnetic coils), high-powered computing (to capture and interpret massive amounts of data), and human anatomy. Interpreting the results requires additional expertise in biomedical sciences and pathology.
Developing all this necessary expertise takes long study and practice by talented medical professionals, and they do need to be appropriately compensated for their work.
While all these inherent costs are substantial, hospitals and imaging centers continue to invest in MRI machines, doctors continue to order MRI scans, and health insurance companies continue to cover them. Thats because MRIs offer several advantages over other diagnostic imaging tools.
According to the FDA, while CT scans and X-rays work well for imaging bones, MRIs provide a much more detailed look at soft tissues within the body, making them a superior diagnostic tool for many diseases and conditions. Because MRIs use a magnetic field, they also dont expose patients to ionizing radiation.
For many medical conditions, MRIs are simply the best way for a doctor to diagnose the problem and determine the most effective course of treatment. This makes MRI scans very valuable, both economically and medically.
The inherent costs above explain only part of why MRIs are so expensive at hospitals. A study by Amino published in Business Insider found that hospitals were charging a national median of about $1,000 more for an MRI than were freestanding imaging centers, which can usually charge less. (The median difference was only slightly less in Kentucky.) Where does that cost disparity come from?
Hospitals must offer comprehensive services for emergency and acute conditions, even though they lose money on some of these services. The losses for hospitals deepened starting in , when the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) mandated all Medicare-participating hospitals to provide emergency treatment to all patients regardless of their ability to pay.
In theory, Medicare reimbursements would make up the cost of providing this mandated care, but in practice most hospitals lose money on it. To make up the losses, they mark up the costs of other procedures that are covered by insurance or patient self-pay. Diagnostic tests such as MRIs are a popular target for these mark-ups.
Sometimes patients get MRIs in hospitals because theyre already in the hospital for the condition the MRI is meant to diagnose. If youre hospitalized with an emergency condition, it makes sense for the hospital to perform that MRI rather than transfer you somewhere offsite for the test. In that scenario, you or your insurer are paying more because of the emergency medical necessity.
If your condition is less urgent, going to a freestanding imaging clinic may be a safe alternative that can save you and your insurer a lot of money. However, a hospital has no incentive to tell you that.
There are plenty of incentives for doctors to refer you to the hospital for your MRI. More and more primary care doctors today work for hospitals, and the Wall Street Journal says they are pushed to keep lucrative referrals in-house. Specialists are also incentivized to keep good relationships with the hospitals who refer work to them. This all may encourage doctors to refer patients to hospitals for MRIs without mentioning lower-cost alternatives.
As that Kaiser Health News reporter found out, its often incredibly difficult to get a clear estimate for an MRI at a hospital, and surprise additional charges are common. That lack of transparency makes it harder to compare costs or make informed decisions.
A new hospital price transparency rule from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services took effect on January 1, . The rule, which requires hospitals to publish their prices online in a consumer-friendly format, is a step in the right direction. But health costs advocacy group Clear Health Costs found that hospitals pricing information remained difficult to find, nearly impossible to interpret, and often was missing key information.
Theres a lot of talk in healthcare these days about patients shopping around for value, but how can patients do that when hospitals make it so difficult for patients to know how much theyll charge?
While some inherent costs will always make an MRI a more expensive diagnostic test than an X-ray, many of the extraneous costs of hospital MRIs are avoidable. Whenever you have the option, look for freestanding imaging clinics with a reputation for quality diagnostics. Ask them for a clear estimate, or use their online calculator (if they offer one) to get a quick estimate automatically.
At Heartland Imaging, thats how we think all imaging clinics should operate, and were happy to give you the information you need to make a well-informed decision. You can check out our online calculator for an instant estimate today.
Heartland Imaging is a full-service imaging center in Louisville, KY, dedicated to providing consistent, quality, state-of-the-art outpatient imaging services. With locations in Louisville and Elizabethtown, our professionally trained and registered radiologists offer affordable medical imaging without compromising expertise or a compassionate experience.
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