FOLIC ACID: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

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Aghamohammadi, V., Gargari, B. P., and Aliasgharzadeh, A. Effect of Folic acid supplementation on homocysteine, serum total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 2011;30(3):210-215. View abstract.

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Alfthan, G., Pekkanen, J., Jauhiainen, M., Pitkaniemi, J., Karvonen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Salonen, J. T., and Ehnholm, C. Relation of serum homocysteine and lipoprotein(a) concentrations to atherosclerotic disease in a prospective Finnish population based study. Atherosclerosis 1994;106(1):9-19. View abstract.

Allen, L. H. and Peerson, J. M. Impact of multiple micronutrient versus iron-folic acid supplements on maternal anemia and micronutrient status in pregnancy. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(4 Suppl):S527-S532. View abstract.

Allen, L. H., Peerson, J. M., and Olney, D. K. Provision of multiple rather than two or fewer micronutrients more effectively improves growth and other outcomes in micronutrient-deficient children and adults. J Nutr 2009;139(5):1022-1030. View abstract.

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Annerbo, S., Wahlund, L. O., and Lokk, J. The significance of thyroid-stimulating hormone and homocysteine in the development of Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment: a 6-year follow-up study. Am J Alzheimers.Dis.Other Demen. 2006;21(3):182-188. View abstract.

Araki, A., Sako, Y., Fukushima, Y., Matsumoto, M., Asada, T., and Kita, T. Plasma sulfhydryl-containing amino acids in patients with cerebral infarction and in hypertensive subjects. Atherosclerosis 1989;79(2-3):139-146. View abstract.

Arber, N., Eagle, C. J., Spicak, J., Racz, I., Dite, P., Hajer, J., Zavoral, M., Lechuga, M. J., Gerletti, P., Tang, J., Rosenstein, R. B., Macdonald, K., Bhadra, P., Fowler, R., Wittes, J., Zauber, A. G., Solomon, S. D., and Levin, B. Celecoxib for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps. N.Engl.J Med 8-31-2006;355(9):885-895. View abstract.

Areekul, S., Subcharoen, A., Cheeramakara, C., Srisukawat, K., and Limsuwan, S. Studies on the effect of folic acid supplement on folate and vitamin B12 status in children. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 1980;11(1):81-86. View abstract.

Arikan G, Panzitt T, Gaucer F, Boritsch J, Trojovski A, and Haeusler MCH. Oral magnesium supplementation and the prevention of preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;76:S45.

Armitage, J. M., Bowman, L., Clarke, R. J., Wallendszus, K., Bulbulia, R., Rahimi, K., Haynes, R., Parish, S., Sleight, P., Peto, R., and Collins, R. Effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial. JAMA 6-23-2010;303(24):2486-2494. View abstract.

Arya, R., Gulati, S., Kabra, M., Sahu, J. K., and Kalra, V. Folic acid supplementation prevents phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. Neurology 4-12-2011;76(15):1338-1343. View abstract.

Asfour, R., Wahbeh, N., Waslien, C. I., Guindi, S., and Darby, W. J. Folacin requirement of children. III. Normal infants. Am.J.Clin Nutr. 1977;30(7):1098-1105. View abstract.

Austen, S. K., Fassett, R. G., Geraghty, D. P., and Coombes, J. S. Folate supplementation fails to affect vascular function and carotid artery intima media thickness in cyclosporin A-treated renal transplant recipients. Clin Nephrol. 2006;66(5):373-379. View abstract.

Azadibakhsh, N., Hosseini, R. S., Atabak, S., Nateghiyan, N., Golestan, B., and Rad, A. H. Efficacy of folate and vitamin B12 in lowering homocysteine concentrations in hemodialysis patients. Saudi.J.Kidney Dis.Transpl. 2009;20(5):779-788. View abstract.

B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(9):855-865. View abstract.

Backman, N., Holm, A. K., Hanstrom, L., Blomquist, H. K., Heijbel, J., and Safstrom, G. Folate treatment of diphenylhydantoin-induced gingival hyperplasia. Scand J Dent Res 1989;97(3):222-232. View abstract.

Badovinac, R. L., Werler, M. M., Williams, P. L., Kelsey, K. T., and Hayes, C. Folic acid-containing supplement consumption during pregnancy and risk for oral clefts: a meta-analysis. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol.Teratol. 2007;79(1):8-15. View abstract.

Baggott, J. E., Oster, R. A., and Tamura, T. Meta-analysis of cancer risk in folic acid supplementation trials. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;36(1):78-81. View abstract.

Baglietto, L., English, D. R., Gertig, D. M., Hopper, J. L., and Giles, G. G. Does dietary folate intake modify effect of alcohol consumption on breast cancer risk? Prospective cohort study. BMJ 10-8-2005;331(7520):807. View abstract.

Bailey, L. B. Do low doses of folic acid result in maximum lowering of homocysteine? Am.J Clin.Nutr 2005;82(4):717-718. View abstract.

Baker F, Picton D, and Blackwood S. Blinded comparison of folic acid and placebo in patients with ischemic heart disease: an outcome trial. Circulation 2002;(106):741S.

Balk, E. M., Raman, G., Tatsioni, A., Chung, M., Lau, J., and Rosenberg, I. H. Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials. Arch.Intern.Med 1-8-2007;167(1):21-30. View abstract.

Bao, Y., Michaud, D. S., Spiegelman, D., Albanes, D., Anderson, K. E., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P. A., English, D. R., Freudenheim, J. L., Fuchs, C. S., Giles, G. G., Giovannucci, E., Goldbohm, R. A., Hakansson, N., Horn-Ross, P. L., Jacobs, E. J., Kitahara, C. M., Marshall, J. R., Miller, A. B., Robien, K., Rohan, T. E., Schatzkin, A., Stevens, V. L., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R. Z., Virtamo, J., Wolk, A., Ziegler, R. G., and Smith-Warner, S. A. Folate intake and risk of pancreatic cancer: pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 12-21-2011;103(24):1840-1850. View abstract.

Baron, J. A., Cole, B. F., Mott, L., Haile, R., Grau, M., Church, T. R., Beck, G. J., and Greenberg, E. R. Neoplastic and antineoplastic effects of beta-carotene on colorectal adenoma recurrence: results of a randomized trial. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 5-21-2003;95(10):717-722. View abstract.

Baron, J. A., Cole, B. F., Sandler, R. S., Haile, R. W., Ahnen, D., Bresalier, R., McKeown-Eyssen, G., Summers, R. W., Rothstein, R., Burke, C. A., Snover, D. C., Church, T. R., Allen, J. I., Beach, M., Beck, G. J., Bond, J. H., Byers, T., Greenberg, E. R., Mandel, J. S., Marcon, N., Mott, L. A., Pearson, L., Saibil, F., and van Stolk, R. U. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. N.Engl.J Med 3-6-2003;348(10):891-899. View abstract.

Barrios, M. and Alliot, C. Venous thrombosis associated with pernicious anaemia. A report of two cases and review. Hematology. 2006;11(2):135-138. View abstract.

Bartlett, H. E. and Eperjesi, F. Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008;28(6):503-523. View abstract.

Basu, R. N., Sood, S. K., Ramachandran, K., Mathur, M., and Ramalingaswami, V. Etiopathogenesis of nutritional anemia in pregnancy: a therapeutic approach. Am.J Clin.Nutr 1973;26(6):591-594. View abstract.

Batu, A. T., Toe, T., Pe, H., and Nyunt, K. K. A prophylactic trial of iron and folic acid supplements in pregnant Burmese women. Isr.J.Med.Sci. 1976;12(12):1410-1417. View abstract.

Baumslag, N., Edelstein, T., and Metz, J. Reduction of incidence of prematurity by folic acid supplementation in pregnancy. Br.Med.J. 1-3-1970;1(5687):16-17. View abstract.

Bazzano, L. A., Reynolds, K., Holder, K. N., and He, J. Effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 12-13-2006;296(22):2720-2726. View abstract.

Beca, J. P. and Saieh, C. [Folic acid suplement. Prevention of anemia in premature infants?]. Rev.Chil.Pediatr. 1975;46(4):347-350. View abstract.

Behzadi, A. H., Omrani, Z., Chalian, M., Asadi, S., and Ghadiri, M. Folic acid efficacy as an alternative drug added to sodium valproate in the treatment of acute phase of mania in bipolar disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr.Scand. 2009;120(6):441-445. View abstract.

Beilby, J., Ingram, D., Hahnel, R., and Rossi, E. Reduced breast cancer risk with increasing serum folate in a case-control study of the C677T genotype of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. Eur.J.Cancer 2004;40(8):1250-1254. View abstract.

Belizan, J. M., Villar, J., Bergel, E., del, Pino A., Di, Fulvio S., Galliano, S. V., and Kattan, C. Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 8-2-1997;315(7103):281-285. View abstract.

Bellamy, M. F., McDowell, I. F., Ramsey, M. W., Brownlee, M., Newcombe, R. G., and Lewis, M. J. Oral folate enhances endothelial function in hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 1999;29(8):659-662. View abstract.

Bellisarii, F. I., Gallina, S., Zimarino, M., and De, Caterina R. Mechanisms of nitrate tolerance: potential roles of folate. Eur J Clin Invest 2003;33(11):933-940. View abstract.

Benamouzig, R., Deyra, J., Martin, A., Girard, B., Jullian, E., Piednoir, B., Couturier, D., Coste, T., Little, J., and Chaussade, S. Daily soluble aspirin and prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: one-year results of the APACC trial. Gastroenterology 2003;125(2):328-336. View abstract.

Bennett-Richards, K., Kattenhorn, M., Donald, A., Oakley, G., Varghese, Z., Rees, L., and Deanfield, J. E. Does oral folic acid lower total homocysteine levels and improve endothelial function in children with chronic renal failure? Circulation 4-16-2002;105(15):1810-1815. View abstract.

Berry, R. J., Li, Z., Erickson, J. D., Li, S., Moore, C. A., Wang, H., Mulinare, J., Zhao, P., Wong, L. Y., Gindler, J., Hong, S. X., and Correa, A. Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. China-U.S. Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defect Prevention. N.Engl.J.Med. 11-11-1999;341(20):1485-1490. View abstract.

Berry-Kravis, E., Krause, S. E., Block, S. S., Guter, S., Wuu, J., Leurgans, S., Decle, P., Potanos, K., Cook, E., Salt, J., Maino, D., Weinberg, D., Lara, R., Jardini, T., Cogswell, J., Johnson, S. A., and Hagerman, R. Effect of CX516, an AMPA-modulating compound, on cognition and behavior in fragile X syndrome: a controlled trial. J Child Adolesc.Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):525-540. View abstract.

Bertagnolli, M. M., Eagle, C. J., Zauber, A. G., Redston, M., Solomon, S. D., Kim, K., Tang, J., Rosenstein, R. B., Wittes, J., Corle, D., Hess, T. M., Woloj, G. M., Boisserie, F., Anderson, W. F., Viner, J. L., Bagheri, D., Burn, J., Chung, D. C., Dewar, T., Foley, T. R., Hoffman, N., Macrae, F., Pruitt, R. E., Saltzman, J. R., Salzberg, B., Sylwestrowicz, T., Gordon, G. B., and Hawk, E. T. Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N.Engl.J Med 8-31-2006;355(9):873-884. View abstract.

Bhutta, Z. A., Imdad, A., Ramakrishnan, U., and Martorell, R. Is it time to replace iron folate supplements in pregnancy with multiple micronutrients? Paediatr.Perinat.Epidemiol. 2012;26 Suppl 1:27-35. View abstract.

Bhutta, Z. A., Yakoob, M. Y., Lawn, J. E., Rizvi, A., Friberg, I. K., Weissman, E., Buchmann, E., and Goldenberg, R. L. Stillbirths: what difference can we make and at what cost? Lancet 4-30-2011;377(9776):1523-1538. View abstract.

Bin, Q., Li, J., Liao, C., Cao, Y., and Gao, F. Oral uracil-tegafur Plus Leucovorin versus Fluorouracil Bolus Plus Leucovorin For Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Five Randomized Controlled Trials. Colorectal Dis. 12-28-2009; View abstract.

Blehaut, H., Mircher, C., Ravel, A., Conte, M., de, Portzamparc, V, Poret, G., de Kermadec, F. H., Rethore, M. O., and Sturtz, F. G. Effect of leucovorin (folinic acid) on the developmental quotient of children with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) and influence of thyroid status. PLoS.One. 2010;5(1):e8394. View abstract.

Blencowe, H., Cousens, S., Modell, B., and Lawn, J. Folic acid to reduce neonatal mortality from neural tube disorders. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i110-i121. View abstract.

Bleys, J., Miller, E. R., III, Pastor-Barriuso, R., Appel, L. J., and Guallar, E. Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am.J Clin.Nutr 2006;84(4):880-887. View abstract.

Blom, H. J. Folic acid, methylation and neural tube closure in humans. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol.Teratol. 2009;85(4):295-302. View abstract.

Blot, I., Papiernik, E., Kaltwasser, J. P., Werner, E., and Tchernia, G. Influence of routine administration of folic acid and iron during pregnancy. Gynecol.Obstet.Invest 1981;12(6):294-304. View abstract.

Boers, G. H. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor of arterial vascular disease. Semin.Thromb.Hemost. 2000;26(3):291-295. View abstract.

Boers, G. H., Smals, A. G., Trijbels, F. J., Fowler, B., Bakkeren, J. A., Schoonderwaldt, H. C., Kleijer, W. J., and Kloppenborg, P. W. Heterozygosity for homocystinuria in premature peripheral and cerebral occlusive arterial disease. N.Engl.J Med 9-19-1985;313(12):709-715. View abstract.

Bostom, A. G., Carpenter, M. A., Kusek, J. W., Levey, A. S., Hunsicker, L., Pfeffer, M. A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Cole, E., Gravens-Mueller, L., House, A. A., Kew, C., McKenney, J. L., Pacheco-Silva, A., Pesavento, T., Pirsch, J., Smith, S., Solomon, S., and Weir, M. Homocysteine-lowering and cardiovascular disease outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: primary results from the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation trial. Circulation 4-26-2011;123(16):1763-1770. View abstract.

Bostom, A. G., Shemin, D., Lapane, K. L., Hume, A. L., Yoburn, D., Nadeau, M. R., Bendich, A., Selhub, J., and Rosenberg, I. H. High dose-B-vitamin treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1996;49(1):147-152. View abstract.

Bowe, J. C., Cornish, E. J., and Dawson, M. Evaluation of folic acid supplements in children taking phenytoin. Dev.Med Child Neurol. 1971;13(3):343-354. View abstract.

Bower, C., D'Antoine, H., and Stanley, F. J. Neural tube defects in Australia: trends in encephaloceles and other neural tube defects before and after promotion of folic acid supplementation and voluntary food fortification. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol.Teratol. 2009;85(4):269-273. View abstract.

Bowman, L., Armitage, J., Bulbulia, R., Parish, S., and Collins, R. Study of the effectiveness of additional reductions in cholesterol and homocysteine (SEARCH): characteristics of a randomized trial among 12064 myocardial infarction survivors. Am Heart J 2007;154(5):815-23, 823. View abstract.

Brattstrom, L. E., Hardebo, J. E., and Hultberg, B. L. Moderate homocysteinemia--a possible risk factor for arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1984;15(6):1012-1016. View abstract.

Brattstrom, L., Israelsson, B., Norrving, B., Bergqvist, D., Thorne, J., Hultberg, B., and Hamfelt, A. Impaired homocysteine metabolism in early-onset cerebral and peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Effects of pyridoxine and folic acid treatment. Atherosclerosis 1990;81(1):51-60. View abstract.

Brattstrom, L., Lindgren, A., Israelsson, B., Malinow, M. R., Norrving, B., Upson, B., and Hamfelt, A. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in stroke: prevalence, cause, and relationships to type of stroke and stroke risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest 1992;22(3):214-221. View abstract.

Bronstrup A. Effects of single and combined B-vitamin supplementation on homocysteine concentrations in different population groups. Doctoral dissertation. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 1998;

Brown, W. T., Jenkins, E. C., Friedman, E., Brooks, J., Cohen, I. L., Duncan, C., Hill, A. L., Malik, M. N., Morris, V., Wolf, E., and . Folic acid therapy in the fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1984;17(1):289-297. View abstract.

Bryan, J., Calvaresi, E., and Hughes, D. Short-term folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 supplementation slightly affects memory performance but not mood in women of various ages. J Nutr 2002;132(6):1345-1356. View abstract.

Buckley, L. M., Vacek, P. M., and Cooper, S. M. Administration of folinic acid after low dose methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1990;17(9):1158-1161. View abstract.

Burland, W. L., Simpson, K., and Lord, J. Response of low birthweight infant to treatment with folic acid. Arch.Dis.Child 1971;46(246):189-194. View abstract.

Burn J, Chapman PD, Bishop DT, Dixon R, Turner F, and Coaker J. Results of the CAPP1 Study: aspirin and resistant starch are beneficial in familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Hum Genet 2003;73

Burn, J., Bishop, D. T., Mecklin, J. P., Macrae, F., Moslein, G., Olschwang, S., Bisgaard, M. L., Ramesar, R., Eccles, D., Maher, E. R., Bertario, L., Jarvinen, H. J., Lindblom, A., Evans, D. G., Lubinski, J., Morrison, P. J., Ho, J. W., Vasen, H. F., Side, L., Thomas, H. J., Scott, R. J., Dunlop, M., Barker, G., Elliott, F., Jass, J. R., Fodde, R., Lynch, H. T., and Mathers, J. C. Effect of aspirin or resistant starch on colorectal neoplasia in the Lynch syndrome. N.Engl.J Med 12-11-2008;359(24):2567-2578. View abstract.

Calvo, E. B. and Biglieri, A. [Impact of folic acid fortification on women's nutritional status and on the prevalence of neural tube defects]. Arch.Argent Pediatr. 2008;106(6):492-498. View abstract.

Carlsson, C. M., Pharo, L. M., Aeschlimann, S. E., Mitchell, C., Underbakke, G., and Stein, J. H. Effects of multivitamins and low-dose folic acid supplements on flow-mediated vasodilation and plasma homocysteine levels in older adults. Am Heart J 2004;148(3):E11. View abstract.

Carpenter NJ, Barber DH, Jones M, Lindley W, and Carr C. Controlled six-month study of oral folic acid therapy in boys with fragile X-linked mental retardation. Am J Med Genet 1983;35(243):82A.

Carrero, J. J., Lopez-Huertas, E., Salmeron, L. M., Baro, L., and Ros, E. Daily supplementation with (n-3) PUFAs, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins B-6 and E increases pain-free walking distance and improves risk factors in men with peripheral vascular disease. J.Nutr. 2005;135(6):1393-1399. View abstract.

Carroll, C., Cooper, K., Papaioannou, D., Hind, D., Tappenden, P., Pilgrim, H., and Booth, A. Meta-analysis: folic acid in the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther 2010;31(7):708-718. View abstract.

Castillo, L., Tur, J. A., and Uauy, R. [Folate and breast cancer risk: a systematic review]. Rev.Med.Chil. 2012;140(2):251-260. View abstract.

Castillo, Lancellotti C., Tur Mari, J. A., and Uauy, Dagach R. [Effect of folate and related nutrients on cognitive function in older people; systematic review]. Nutr.Hosp. 2012;27(1):90-102. View abstract.

Castillo-Lancellotti, C., Tur Mari, J. A., and Uauy, Dagach R. [Folic acid supplementation and colorrectal adenoma recurrence: systematic review]. Nutr.Hosp. 2012;27(1):13-21. View abstract.

Chambers, J. C., Ueland, P. M., Obeid, O. A., Wrigley, J., Refsum, H., and Kooner, J. S. Improved vascular endothelial function after oral B vitamins: An effect mediated through reduced concentrations of free plasma homocysteine. Circulation 11-14-2000;102(20):2479-2483. View abstract.

Charles, D. H., Ness, A. R., Campbell, D., Smith, G. D., Whitley, E., and Hall, M. H. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and birth outcome: re-analysis of a large randomised controlled trial and update of Cochrane review. Paediatr.Perinat.Epidemiol. 2005;19(2):112-124. View abstract.

Charoenlarp, P., Dhanamitta, S., Kaewvichit, R., Silprasert, A., Suwanaradd, C., Na-Nakorn, S., Prawatmuang, P., Vatanavicharn, S., Nutcharas, U., Pootrakul, P., and . A WHO collaborative study on iron supplementation in Burma and in Thailand. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1988;47(2):280-297. View abstract.

Chen, B. H., Carmichael, S. L., Selvin, S., Abrams, B., and Shaw, G. M. NTD prevalences in central California before and after folic acid fortification. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol.Teratol. 2008;82(8):547-552. View abstract.

Chen, G., Song, X., Ji, Y., Zhang, L., Pei, L., Chen, J., Liu, J., Li, C., and Zheng, X. Prevention of NTDs with periconceptional multivitamin supplementation containing folic acid in China. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol.Teratol. 2008;82(8):592-596. View abstract.

Chen, J., Gammon, M. D., Chan, W., Palomeque, C., Wetmur, J. G., Kabat, G. C., Teitelbaum, S. L., Britton, J. A., Terry, M. B., Neugut, A. I., and Santella, R. M. One-carbon metabolism, MTHFR polymorphisms, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2-15-2005;65(4):1606-1614. View abstract.

Chiaffarino, F., Ascone, G. B., Bortolus, R., Mastroia-Covo, P., Ricci, E., Cipriani, S., and Parazzini, F. [Effects of folic acid supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: a review of randomized clinical trials]. Minerva Ginecol. 2010;62(4):293-301. View abstract.

Cho, E., Spiegelman, D., Hunter, D. J., Chen, W. Y., Zhang, S. M., Colditz, G. A., and Willett, W. C. Premenopausal intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12(8):713-720. View abstract.

Chou, Y. C., Wu, M. H., Yu, J. C., Lee, M. S., Yang, T., Shih, H. L., Wu, T. Y., and Sun, C. A. Genetic polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, plasma folate levels and breast cancer susceptibility: a case-control study in Taiwan. Carcinogenesis 2006;27(11):2295-2300. View abstract.

Christian, P. Micronutrients, birth weight, and survival. Annu.Rev Nutr 8-21-2010;30:83-104. View abstract.

Christiansen, C., Rodbro, P., and Lund, M. Incidence of anticonvulsant osteomalacia and effect of vitamin D: controlled therapeutic trial. Br Med J 12-22-1973;4(5894):695-701. View abstract.

Christiansen, C., Rodbro, P., and Nielsen, C. T. Iatrogenic osteomalacia in epileptic children. A controlled therapeutic trial. Acta Paediatr.Scand 1975;64(2):219-224. View abstract.

Chuang, V. T. and Suno, M. Levoleucovorin as replacement for leucovorin in cancer treatment. Ann.Pharmacother. 2012;46(10):1349-1357. View abstract.

Clarke, R. and Collins, R. Can dietary supplements with folic acid or vitamin B6 reduce cardiovascular risk? Design of clinical trials to test the homocysteine hypothesis of vascular disease. J Cardiovasc.Risk 1998;5(4):249-255. View abstract.

Clarke, R. B-vitamins and prevention of dementia. Proc Nutr Soc 2008;67(1):75-81. View abstract.

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