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The basic structure of silicon nitride ceramics is [Si3N4] tetrahedron, which is a solid two-continuous network structure, and is an inorganic ceramic material that does not shrink during sintering. Silicon nitride ceramics have the characteristics of high strength, low density and high temperature resistance.
So let's introduce the advantages and disadvantages of silicon nitride ceramics and their applications.
Si3N4 Silicon Nitride Ceramic Parts
Advantages of silicon nitride ceramics:
Silicon nitride ceramic is a super hard substance and an insulating material. It has lubricity, wear resistance, strong corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance at high temperature. It can also resist thermal shock. According to the experimental results: silicon nitride ceramics are heated to above 1,000 &#; in the air, and then rapidly cooled and then heated rapidly, and they will not break. It can be seen that silicon nitride ceramics have high strength, wear resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. Silicon nitride ceramics have low density and light weight characteristics.
Disadvantages of silicon nitride ceramics:
The fracture toughness coefficient is low, and the mechanical strength in ceramics is medium and low, and it is easily cracked and brittle. Compared with aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride, it is not easy to transfer heat. The thermal conductivity is worse than that of aluminum nitride, and the heat transfer performance is worse than that of alumina.
Application of silicon nitride ceramics:
1. High temperature bearings, mechanical seal rings, pipes and valves of electromagnetic pumps for conveying molten aluminum;
2. Mechanical components such as gas turbine blades, mechanical seal rings, permanent molds, etc.;
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3. Diesel engine ignition device, engineering structural ceramics, etc.
4. Nitride ceramic copper clad substrate, used in automotive inverters, reducers, shock absorbers and other applications.
Si3N4 silicon nitride ceramics have excellent comprehensive properties and are an ideal high-temperature structural material with wide application fields and markets. At the same time, silicon nitride ceramics are ceramic materials with wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance that are difficult to compare with general metal materials. , oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and low specific gravity. It can withstand the harsh working environment that metal or polymer materials are incapable of, and has a wide range of application prospects.
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a chemical compound of the elements, silicon and nitrogen. It is one of the leading technical ceramic materials available on the market and has similar properties like silicon carbide. Over the years, this material has been effectively utilized in a variety of applications ranging from roller bearings in skateboards (Figure 1) to automotive engine components.
Figure 1. Roller bearings for skateboard
Silicon nitride has unique and remarkable properties. In fact, bearings made from this material have been utilized in the main engines of the Space Shuttle. It is one of the few monolithic ceramic materials that can withstand extreme thermal shock and thermal gradients produced in oxygen and hydrogen rocket engines. It proved extremely reliable across the entire Space Shuttle programme.
Silicon nitride offers a number of benefits, such as low friction, high wear and chemical resistance, high temperature capability and high electrical resistivity. It is nonmagnetic, has low specific weight, and offers long service life. Recently, silicon carbide has been used in the brake discs of the McLaren P1, a highly sophisticated road car.
However, despite its various benefits, nitrides are very hard wearing and need diamond-grinding techniques to process once fired. Just like silicon carbide, silicon nitride is specifically utilized for those applications where physical wear is an important factor. At Precision Ceramics, both silicon nitride and silicon carbide are utilized for a range of technical components for wide field of applications.
Silicon nitride is predominantly used in the automotive industry for manufacturing engine components. In diesel engines, glow plugs made from silicon nitride enable faster start-up; swirl chambers or pre-combustion chambers contribute to lower noise and lower emissions.
In turbochargers, silicon nitride helps in reducing engine lag and emissions; in petrol engines, it is utilized for rocker arm pads to reduce wear; and in exhaust gas control valves, the material allows for increased acceleration. It has been estimated that over 300,000 sintered silicon nitride turbochargers are developed each year.
Figure 2. Silicon nitride bearings
Since silicon nitride is a bearing material, it is widely utilized for full ceramic bearings as well as for hybrid ceramic bearings where ceramic balls are effectively employed in tandem with steel races. Since silicon nitride ball bearings (Figure 2) are harder than metal, contact with the bearing track is significantly reduced. This results in up to 80% less friction and an extended service life between 3 to 10 times longer than steel.
Silicon nitride also offers excellent corrosion resistance and enables high temperature operation. Silicon nitride ball bearings are generally found in wind turbines, industrial bearings, high end automotive bearings, skateboards, bicycles and rollerblades. At Precision Ceramics, silicon nitride is ranked high in the company&#;s wide range of technical ceramics.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Precision Ceramics.
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