Centrifugal pumps can be found in many industrial applications. They offer excellent operating efficiency and versatility in terms of pressure and liquid flow. In-line centrifugal pumps will be available in different configurations: horizontal and vertical.
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What is the difference between the two types of inline centrifugal pumps? And, which one is right for your process application? The following will answer your questions.
The first and most obvious difference is the orientation of the shaft. Horizontal centrifugal pumps have a horizontally oriented shaft, usually between bearings or between cantilevers. Vertical centrifugal pumps, meanwhile, have vertically oriented shafts. The shafts are designed to be radially dissected and overhung.
Deciding which pump to use in your operation may come down to several factors. These include the overall ease of operating and maintaining the pump, installation space and functionality. With this in mind, we will now look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of each pump design.
On the positive side, horizontal centrifugal pumps are easier to install and maintain with easily accessible internal components. You can choose the right shaft design to provide the desired pumping pressure. Low suction applications are best served by using overhanging shafts, while you need built-in bearing shafts to achieve high suction. Horizontal centrifugal pumps can be easily and securely attached to external accessories such as turbines, electric motors or fuel engines. Finally, the low headroom of horizontal pumps makes them ideal for indoor applications where vertical space is often compact.
On the downside, if your plant is concerned about footprint, a horizontal centrifugal pump will take up a larger footprint. In general, horizontal pumps operate at lower temperatures and pressures compared to vertical pumps. You also don’t want to use a horizontal centrifugal pump for applications that require more NPSH (net positive suction pressure head) than a particular pump can provide. In this sense, it has a limited capacity.
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When you have a limited surface area and need a smaller footprint, vertical centrifugal pumps are sure to take up less floor space. They are ideal for high temperature and pressure fluids and can be modified from NPSH to handle a wider range of applications.
Vertical pumps require a lot of headroom, which makes them more difficult to install and maintain. Most also require a pit and bucket (especially for larger multistage pumps). Vertical centrifugal pumps can also only be coupled to an electric motor. Some operational challenges arise at high suction pressures due to the difficulty of balancing axial thrust with overhanging shaft designs. Likewise, liquids with high concentrations of dissolved gases are difficult to handle and can lead to mechanical seal failure.
Selecting and configuring the right horizontal or vertical pump for your application is critical, so you need to work with an expert like HAOSH to get all the answers you need before making a final pump decision. Let us help you find the best pump for your needs. Contact us to learn more about centrifugal pumps and accessories.
Pumps move fluid in a variety of ways:
The accepted industry standard, as published by the Hydraulic Institute www.pumps.org, defines pumps according to the method energy is imparted to the liquid: kinetic energy pump, or positive displacement (PD) pump.
Kinetic energy type - A centrifugal pump imparts energy to a liquid by means of centrifugal force produced by a rotating impeller, disk or other blade form. Centrifugal pumps are made in many shapes and sizes, and differ from one another both internally and externally to an appreciable degree. In spite of appearance, all centrifugal pumps use the same mechanical principle. Pumping action is obtained from an impeller driven by a shaft or magnetic coupling, which is connected, to a motor or some other driving device. The impeller rotates (cw or ccw direction of rotation) at a high rate of speed (usually 1725 or 3450 rpm), and the liquid being pumped flows from the eye (center) of the impeller to the outside (periphery) of the impeller by centrifugal action. As the liquid flows from the periphery of the impeller, it is guided to the discharge port of the pump by a volute shaped passage. All centrifugal pumps bring liquid in at the center of the impeller, and move it outward between the blades.
Positive Displacement Pumps - Bellows, double-diaphragm, flexible impeller, gear, oscillating, piston, progressing cavity, rotary lobe, rotary vane, and peristaltic pumps have a fixed cavity that the fluid is pushed through by rollers, gears, or impeller. As the fluid is pushed through, it leaves a void or vacuum which pulls in more fluid. Metering Pumps - Bellows, diaphragm, peristaltic, piston, and syringe pumps are all metering pumps that pull the fluid through the inlet valve into a chamber, close the inlet valve, and then push the fluid through the outlet valve.
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