Ultimate Pallet Racking Buyer's Guide: 2022 Edition

29 Apr.,2024

 

Ultimate Pallet Racking Buyer's Guide: 2022 Edition

Pallet Racking Buyer’s Guide (2022)

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Pallet racks are vital parts of any warehouse or storage facility operation. An unsuitable or improperly laid out racking storage system can lead to poor workflow, decreased productivity, injuries to workers, and damage to inventory and systems. The right racking system improves storage density, maximizes your use of your facility’s storage space, and boosts your operation’s safety and profitability.

It is vital to understand what they are, how they are used, and what types are available to get the most out of your pallet racking systems. This information enables you to select the optimal product for your warehouse space, distribution center, or storage facility.

Pallet Rack Terminology

Before purchasing a pallet racking system, you should know the components and terminology used to describe them.

Aisle

Also called access aisles or forklift aisles, this term refers to the space between rows to provide access to pallets. They are typically wide enough for material handling equipment to maneuver safely.

Anchors and Bolts

Anchors are devices that secure the rack to the warehouse floor. In some systems, a warehouse may use the anchors to attach the rack to a mobile slab. Most anchors, like Shelving + Rack Systems, Inc.’s anchor bolts, are constructed using heavy-duty steel or metal.

Bay

This term refers to the space between the two upright columns. The bay’s purpose is to store pallets; there are typically multiple bays on different vertical levels per rack. In drive-in racking systems, bays must be large enough to allow forklifts to maneuver in and out.

Beam

A rack’s beam is the horizontal component that supports the weight of the stored inventory. Beams are attached to the rack’s upright columns and are available in numerous sizes, dimensions, and capacities.

For example, our adjustable Unirak beams are available in various dimensions and include a high-gloss powder finish to prevent abrasion and enhance visibility.

Capacity

A rack’s capacity refers to the maximum load the racking system can safely handle. The capacity varies depending on the system’s design, dimensions, and materials.

Deck

Pallet rack decks are additional horizontal supports attached to the uprights to assist the beams in handling the load. Decks are available in various materials, such as plywood, galvanized steel, or mesh wire decking. Although decking is not always necessary, it can facilitate the storage of specific items.

Footplate

Footplates (also called baseplates) comprise the base portion of the rack’s uprights. They allow the uprights to be secured to the floor. Shelving + Rack Systems, Inc.’s deluxe foot plates are compatible with the FastRak™ pallet system and are designed to be secured directly into your warehouse’s concrete slab for optimal stability.

Frame

A pallet rack’s frame is its overall structure, including the uprights, beams, and any attachments and accessories, such as decking. Our Unirak frames are designed to be highly adjustable, facilitating the storage of an ever-changing inventory pool.

Pallet

Pallets are used to store and transport standardized quantities of inventory. In a warehouse setting, most products are palletized. They can be made from various materials, including plywood, plastic, rubber, and metal, each supporting varying weight capacities.

For example, our aluminum pallets are designed to withstand the mass of heavy objects without bending or cracking.

Run

A run is a row of pallet racks set up together. Runs consist of many pallet racks and bays, and most pallet racks are configured in runs.

Shuttle

A shuttle is a section of a mobile pallet rack that moves pallets or other inventory for easy access. They are similar to pallets, but they have wheels. Some mobile pallet racks use gravity to move pallets, while others use a motor.

Upright

A rack’s upright is the vertical column of the frame that supports its horizontal beams. Decking may also be attached to the uprights. Uprights are available in various dimensions and capacities and often include slots to adjust beam heights easily.
Our FastRak™ uprights feature a detachable footplate and a 7,000-lb. weight capacity.

Wall Tie

Wall ties are intended to secure pallet racking to a wall or other structure. They provide additional stability and help prevent a collapse.

Types of Pallet Racking

Although there are many styles of pallet and warehouse racking systems available, they can be grouped into the following five categories:

High-Density Pallet Racking

High-density pallet racking is designed to improve a warehouse’s storage density. These racking systems are composed of stackable and adjustable pallet racks, though other variations are also available. Typically, high-density racking systems are used by facilities with high numbers of the same SKUs, where selectivity is only a secondary concern.

For example, our teardrop pallet rack frames are intended to maximize your facility’s flexibility. The rack uprights’ teardrop design allows easy, on-the-fly adjustments without requiring specialized tools or training. The racks are available in length configurations ranging from 24 to 48 inches, with width configurations ranging from 96 to 288 inches.

Selective Pallet Racking

While selective pallet racking helps improve storage density, its primary goal is facilitating easy access to any pallet.

Inventory stored using selective pallet racking systems is always available for picking or processing without moving inventory or racks, which makes them a popular choice among facilities managing diverse SKUs. Many types of selective pallet racking are available, including pallet flow racking, structural pallet racking, or traditional racking systems like our galvanized pallet racks.

Our galvanized pallet racks allow warehouse workers to access all stored inventory easily. They are available in a high-quality powder-coated finish or in hot-dipped galvanized steel, which enables the frame to withstand harsh elements.

The rack beam spacing is configurable, ranging from 36 to 96 inches, allowing you to adjust your racking system to best suit your storage needs.

Mobile Pallet Racking

Mobile pallet racking is primarily intended to improve warehouse workflow. These racking systems consist of standard pallet racks placed on a movable chassis, which travels along a preset rail system.

Mobile pallet racks can be considered a hybrid of selective and high-density systems. As mobile systems, they eliminate the need for permanent access aisles, whereas their configuration allows warehouse workers to access any stored pallet, much like a selective pallet rack.

Cantilever Racking

Cantilever racking is a storage solution used to store long, irregular objects. They are structurally different from other pallet racking types, with a single strong upright that supports several angled arms to support inventory.

Specialty Racking and Other Racking Types

There are also specialty racks for storing unique or irregularly-sized objects. For example, our drum pallet racks are suitable for storing liquid goods in barrels or drums, such as water or gasoline. Smaller racking systems designed for single-unit access instead of pallet access are also available for non-palletized goods.

Choosing the Correct Pallet Racking System

With so many types of pallet racking for sale, determining the best system for your business can take time and effort. Here are the essential factors to consider when choosing a racking system:

You will get efficient and thoughtful service from TRM.

Upright Depth

The depth of a rack upright measures the distance between the front pair of uprights and the back pair. Knowing the depth helps determine the system’s overall capacity while setting an effective maximum on the size of your inventory.

Upright Height

Another vital consideration is the rack’s upright height, which measures how tall the rack stands. Effectively using the storage facility’s vertical space is the easiest way for warehouses to improve storage density and profitability. As a result, managers should aim to use the tallest racking system possible.

However, ensure that you leave plenty of space above the top of the rack to allow sprinkler systems to function correctly in the case of a fire and to comply with OSHA and local standards and codes.

Upright Capacity

Your rack’s upright capacity measures the maximum safe load capacity for each rack. Since this number indicates the maximum capacity for the uprights, it defines the combined load-bearing capacity for each rack level, determining how much inventory you can safely store in each rack.

Beam Width

The pallet racking beam’s width partially determines the storage rack’s total capacity. Wider beams are traditionally capable of bearing more weight, while narrower beams have reduced weight capacity thresholds.

Beam Capacity

The rack’s beam capacity determines the maximum load the beam can safely support. The beam and upright capacities are necessary to assess which inventory you can safely load on the racking system.

Decking Type

You should also consider the rack’s decking. Some racking systems may not include decking, whereas others may provide slots to add decking, like our wire decking, or come with pre-installed decking.

Heavy-duty decking allows you to store heavy and bulky objects. This decking type typically employs a solid wood, plastic, or metal construction. In contrast, wire mesh decking is suitable for light-duty storage where light exposure and airflow are crucial, like for food, medicine, perishables, and agricultural products.

Type of Inventory

Another primary consideration is the inventory that your facility will be storing. The number of SKUs stored by your facility will largely determine the best type of pallet racking system for your operation.

For example, if your facility stores many items but few SKUs, you may need pallet racking systems that prioritize storage density over selectivity. If your warehousing facility manages numerous SKUs, your staff must be able to access any pallet at any given time. In this case, selective pallet racking systems may be more efficient.

You should also consider whether your inventory requires special storage considerations, such as airflow, light exposure, or protection against rust and corrosion.
These materials may need to be stored using accessories like mesh wire decking, which improves airflow and light exposure while reducing the accumulation of dust and debris. The size and shape of your inventory determine the dimensions and capacity of your racking systems.

Inventory Management System

Your business’s preferred inventory management style may influence the type of racking system you need.

For example, businesses handling time-sensitive inventory with expiration dates need fast access to the oldest stock first. Consequently, their inventory management style is First in, First out (FIFO), and they may need gravity flow racking.

Facilities that prioritize access to the last added items may use the Last in, First out (LIFO) management style. One of the best pallet racking systems for LIFO facilities is pushback pallet racking.

Purchase and Install the Perfect Pallet Rack with Shelving + Rack Systems, Inc.

Shelving + Rack Systems, Inc. offers the comprehensive selection of pallet racks and accessories you need to improve your storage business. We provide installation, setup crews, and project management consulting services.

If your warehouse or storage facility can benefit from pallet racking systems, call one of our experienced project managers at (800) 589-7225 and learn how we can improve your operation’s workflow, storage density, safety, and profitability.

The Ultimate Screw Guide and Types of Screws

Welcome to The Ultimate Screw Guide. In this guide you will find information on every type of screw we carry and them some. This is by no means an exhaustive history of screws, but we have collected information on many of the different aspects of screws you might run into when making cabinets or furniture so you can make an educated decision on the right screw for your project. As always, we are available by phone Monday – Friday 8am to 5pm CST at (800) 383-0130 to answer your questions and help you find exactly what you need to make you a Hero at Home.

 

The Basic Anatomy of a Screw

Let’s start with some basic terminology

Just a few basic terms to know if you are an absolute beginner.

Cam Out

  • Cam out is when your driver slips out of the screw head
  • Repeatedly camming out is what causes a screw to strip
  • Nearly every single innovation in screw design had the objective of reducing cam out

Countersink or Counterbore

  • A canonical hole that is bored into the top of a screw hole for the purpose of allowing the screw to sit flush with or below the surface of the material it’s being driven into
  • Countersink is also the name of the bit used to cut such a hole

Overdriving

  • Overdriving is when you drive the screw in too far
  • This can reduce the force needed to pull out a screw by up to 20%
  • Increases risk of stripping the head or even the threads
  • Worst case scenario you split your material, which is more common on softwoods and softer hardwoods
  • You can avoid overdriving by getting to know the slip clutch on your drill/driver, or just take it easy if you’re driving by hand

Torque

  • The rotional force applied to a screw or any rotating object
  • Applying too much torque leads to cam out
  • The slip clutch on your drill limits how much torque can be applied to a fastener

 

Screw Heads

As you can see in the image above, the head of the screw is the wide part opposite the point. Each head type has pros and cons, and some jobs are only possible with certain head characteristics.

 

Pan Head


Find pan heads here
  • Has a flat bearing surface under the head
  • Most common type of rounded-top screw head
  • Rounded head prevents catching things on it, and makes it suitable for decorative use
  • Enables a deeper drive socket for high torque applications
  • Can be found in almost any material/finish, size, or drive type needed
  • Truss Head


    Find truss heads here
    • Common alternative for pan head screws
    • Sometimes called a mushroom head screw
    • Offers a larger, flat bearing surface compared to pan heads
    • Commonly used in decorative applications
    • Can be found in almost any material/finish, size, or drive type needed
  • Oval Head


    Find oval heads here
    • Very similar to pan heads and truss heads
    • Designed for use in countersunk holes to sit flush with the surface of your work
    • Has a round, raised decorative head
  • Flat Head


    Find flat heads here
    • countersunk design
    • Some have self countersinking nibs so you don’t have to pre-countersink your holes
    • Can be concealed with adhesive or press fit cover caps
    • Can be found in almost any material/finish, size, or drive type needed
  • Hex Head


    Find hex heads here
    • Hex head screws have a six-sided head for use with sockets and wrenches
    • Generally found on lag bolts or other fasteners for very heavy duty applications
  • Washer Head


    Find washer heads here
    • has a built-in washer to increase bearing surface area and prevent overdriving in softwoods
    • very popular in furniture making and cabinetry, Commonly used to mount cabinets in place
    • Very common for pocket hole joinery
  • Trim Head


    Find trim heads here
    • Trim head, or finish head screws have as small of a head as possible for minimum visibility and concealability
    • Commonly used for decorative molding and trim
  • PowerHead


    Find PowerHeads here
    • A screw designed by FastCap, PowerHeads are a variation of flat head screws with a much wider bearing surface to give them extra holding power and a flush finish
    • Designed to work with other FastCap products like workstation brackets, panel hanging cleats, and decorative screw cover caps

Drive Types

Depending on the security implications of your project, drive type is largely a personal preference. Sometimes security requirements may necessitate use of certain tamper proof drives. It’s important to note that many ‘tamper proof’ drive types only have that distinction because they are not very common. If you have the proper bit, a ‘tamper proof’ screw is generally no longer ‘tamper proof’.

 

  • Slot Drive


    Find slot drives here
    • The first screw drive ever developed and manufactured because it was the simplest and cheapest to produce
    • Still a common sight today in some manufactured parts and jewelry, though less so in DYI projects
  • Philips Drive


    Find philips drives here
    • Introduced as an alternative to slot drive screws in the early 1900’s
    • Has a lower tendency to cam out, especially when using power tools, which were first rising to popularity when Philips drive was introduced
    • Very common for wood screws, and screws in general
  • Square Drive


    Find square drives here
    • Originally called the Robertson drive after the inventor P. L. Robertson
    • A further reduction of cam out probability after the innovation of the Philips drive
    • The square recess on the screw is very slightly tapered making the insertion of the tool easier and tends to keep the screw on the driver without having to hold it
    • Very common for wood screws
  • Star Drive


    Find star drives here
    • Star drive is the generic name for Torx screws
    • Not to be confused with security torx, star drive look identical but they are missing the security pin in the middle
    • Star drive offers even greater improvements to cam out over square drive
    • Very common driver for wood screws
  • Security Torx Drive


    Find security torx here
    • The proprietary name for star drive screws; Kleenex is to tissues as Torx is to star drive
    • The term torx usually refers to security torx drive screws, which have a security pin in the middle of the screw head to prevent tampering or unauthorized removal, where typical star drive screws do not
  • Pozi Drive


    Find pozi drives here
    • Looks very similar to Philips drive, but there are identification tick marks set 45° from the main cross section
    • Patented in 1962, pozi drive was designed to allow more torque and greater engagement than Philips
    • Commonly used for drawer slides and hinges of European origin
    • You cannot use a pozi driver on a Philips drive screw, and you cannot use a Philips driver on a pozi drive screw
  • Squips Drive


    Find squips drives here
    • This drive is a combination of Philips and square drive on one head
    • Enables you to use either a Philips or square head bits/drivers
    • Very common for wood screws
    • There also exists a dedicated driver tip for these, but we do not carry it, and it kind of defeats the purpose of using a combination drive head, being that you can use whatever driver is available at the moment

 

Thread Features

Thread characteristics are something to pay attention to. Generally speaking, if you drill a pilot hole and pay attention to your work, you shouldn’t worry too much about these specialty features until you’ve got some experience under your belt. These features can be quite nuanced, so let’s go over a few of them.

 

  • Self Tapping Threads

    • Self tapping screws are a class of screw that forms their own threads into the material you put them into, grabbing into as much material as possible
    • You will generally see this advertised in the screw’s name or features list
    • There two types of self tapping screw: thread cutting and thread forming
  • Thread Cutting Screws


    Find thread cutting screws here
    • A type of self tapping screw, thread cutting screws have cutting edges and chip cavities that create a mating thread by removing material from the hole
    • Creates a very tight, vibration resistant hold
  • Thread Forming Screws

    • Thread forming screws are similar to thread cutting screws, but instead of removing material to form threads, they displace material, pushing it out of the way
    • Forms an exceptionally tight hold
    • Commonly used in plastics or softwoods
  • Milling Ribs


    Find screws with milling ribs here
    • Sometimes referred to as CEE threads, knurled shoulder, underhead cutting ribs, or knurl
    • This is a small section of steep threading below the screw head, and above the normal threads
    • The purpose of these ribs is to enlarge the hole very slightly to allow an enlarged upper shank to sink into the material more easily
  • Hi lo Threads


    Find hi-lo screws here
    • Has two different sized threads on one screw
    • The high thread are sharper and taller than conventional threads, requiring less force to drive in
    • The low threads leave more material between the high threads, in combination with a thinner shaft than conventional screws, this makes these screws very resistant to pull-out and vibrational loosening effects
    • Ideal for plastics or other soft materials

Finally, we will look at some common kinds of screws

These screws have various combinations of the features we talked about above. Some are very specialized, some are more general, but they all have a purpose.

 

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  • Cabinet Screws


    Find cabinet screws here
    • While you can technically fasten down a cabinet with any kind of screw, cabinet shops typically use something with a wider bearing surface like a washer head
    • The best cabinet screws have a wider bearing surface under the head of the screw which gives the screw the holding power necessary to keep cabinets in place
    • The above example uses a star drive for reduced cam out
    • It’s got a self drilling tip so you don’t have to pre-drill a pilot hole
    • It's also got a flat washer head for supreme holding power
    • All of these features come together to give a screw that can be easily and quickly driven in while installing cabinets
  • Pozi System Screws


    Find pozi system screws here
    • Also called euro screws, these use a pozi drive on a countersunk flat head, with a blunt tip
    • Designed for use in pre-drilled 32mm system holes for cabinets
    • Commonly used with drawer slides and hinges
    • Deep, aggressive threads for grabbing into MDF and hardwood
  • Break-a-way Screws


    Find break-a-way screws here
    • Break-a-way screws are commonly used for cabinet knobs and pulls
    • They have breakaway points every ¼”
    • If you’re working with a variety of material thicknesses or different knobs and pulls or if you’re unsure of the dimensions you’re going to be working with, rather than buying a bunch of different sized screws, you can buy break-a-way screws and snap each one off at the exact length you need
  • Pocket Hole Screw


    Find pocket hole screws here
    • Screws for use in pocket holes
    • Pocket holes are a relatively new innovation in woodworking as a method for joining pieces of wood together
    • A hole is predrilled at an angle, usually 15°, and the screw is driven through both pieces
    • If the hole is positioned correctly, this can be a very discrete method of joinery
    • There are pocket hole plugs available to further conceal evidence of the screws in furniture or cabinets
    • Kreg Tool, the company that invented pocket hole joinery back in 1986, has a nice guide on how to choose the correct screw to use, which you can find here: https://learn.kregtool.com/learn/how-to-select-right-pocket-hole-screw/
  • Drill Point Screws


    Find drill point screws here
    • A drill point is a small, fluted end on a screw designed for drilling into metal at the same time as driving the screw
    • Commonly used for securing things to metal studs without predrilling
    • It is crucial that the drilling section is longer than the thickness of the metal you are drilling into
  • Sheetrock Screws


    Find sheetrock screws here
    • Used for hanging sheetrock/drywall
    • Flat countersunk heads for a flush finish
    • Extra hardened to be able to get through sheetrock, but as a result of that extra hardness they are brittle, so they are susceptible to completely sheering off the head if too much torque is applied
    • This hardening process is what gives them their black color
    • NOT recommended for hanging cabinets
  • Lag Bolts


    Find lag bolts here
    • Very heavy duty fastener
    • Very thick, usually around ¼”, will require pre-drilling
    • Generally used in very demanding, high stress applications
  • Confirmat Screws


    Find confirmat screws here
    • Primarily used in MDF or other particle boards
    • Commonly included in ready-to-assemble furniture, like what you might find at IKEA
    • Has a large shoulder under the head to lock the screw in and prevent it from being pulled through the material
    • These unique fasteners act like a steel dowel forming a strong, stiff butt joint
  • Decorative Hinge Screws


    Find decorative hinge screws here
    • A series of Philips drive screws with various head types and finishes to match Amerock decorative hinges
    • Aesthetics are a large part of the use case here
  • 8-32 Screws


    Find 8-32 screws here
    • The screws adhere to the machine screw industry Numeric Size System
    • ‘8’ represents a size 8 diameter, which is 0.1640 or 41/250 of an inch
    • ‘32’ represents the threads per inch, which is 32