Titania TiO2 exists in a number of crystalline forms the most important of which are anatase and rutile.
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Pure titanium dioxide does not occur in nature but is derived from ilmenite or leuxocene ores. It is also readily mined in one of the purest forms, rutile beach sand.
These ores are the principal raw materials used in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigment. The first step is to purify the ore, and is basically a refinement step. Either the sulphate process, which uses sulphuric acid as an extraction agent or the chloride process, which uses chlorine, may achieve this. After purification the powders may be treated (coated) to enhance their performance as pigments.
Physical and mechanical properties of sintered titania are summarised in table 1, while optical properties of titania are provided in table 2.
Table 1. Typical physical and mechanical properties of titania.
Property Value Density 4 gcm-3 Porosity 0% Modulus of Rupture 140 MPa Compressive Strength 680 MPa Poisson&#;s Ratio 0.27 Fracture Toughness 3.2 Mpa.m-1/2 Shear Modulus 90 GPa Modulus of Elasticity 230 GPa Microhardness (HV 0.5) 880 Resistivity (25 °C) ohm.cm Resistivity (700 °C) 2.5x104 ohm.cm Dielectric Constant (1 MHz) 85 Dissipation factor (1 MHz) 5x10-4 Dielectric strength 4 kVmm-1 Thermal expansion (RT- °C) 9x10-6 Thermal Conductivity (25 °C) 11.7 WmK-1
Table 2. Optical properties of titania.
Phase Refractive Index DensityApplications for sintered titania are limited by its relatively poor mechanical properties. It does however find a number of electrical uses in sensors and electrocatalysis. By far its most widely used application is as a pigment, where it is used in powder form, exploiting its optical properties.
The most important function of titanium dioxide however is in powder form as a pigment for providing whiteness and opacity to such products such as paints and coatings (including glazes and enamels), plastics, paper, inks, fibres and food and cosmetics.
Titanium dioxide is by far the most widely used white pigment. Titania is very white and has a very high refractive index &#; surpassed only by diamond. The refractive index determines the opacity that the material confers to the matrix in which the pigment is housed. Hence, with its high refractive index, relatively low levels of titania pigment are required to achieve a white opaque coating.
The high refractive index and bright white colour of titanium dioxide make it an effective opacifier for pigments. The material is used as an opacifier in glass and porcelain enamels, cosmetics, sunscreens, paper, and paints. One of the major advantages of the material for exposed applications is its resistance to discoloration under UV light.
Titania acts as a photosensitiser for photovoltaic cells, and when used as an electrode coating in photoelectrolysis cells can enhance the efficiency of electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Even in mildly reducing atmospheres titania tends to lose oxygen and become sub stoichiometric. In this form the material becomes a semiconductor and the electrical resistivity of the material can be correlated to the oxygen content of the atmosphere to which it is exposed. Hence titania can be used to sense the amount of oxygen (or reducing species) present in an atmosphere.
The photocatalytic activity of titania results in thin coatings of the material exhibiting self cleaning and disinfecting properties under exposure to UV radiation. These properties make the material a candidate for applications such as medical devices, food preparation surfaces, air conditioning filters, and sanitaryware surfaces.
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Titanium oxide
CAS: -67-7; -80-2; -70-0; -87-0; -13-2
Chemical formula: TiO2
Chinese name titanium dioxide
English name Titanium(IV) oxide
C.I. Pigment White 6
Titanium white
Titanate rod
Titanium dioxide
Titanium sugar
Titanium anhydride
Titanium dioxide (IV)
rutile
anatase
Titanium dioxide
Titanium oxide (IV)
White paint
Rutile type titanium dioxide
Anatase type titanium dioxide
Titanium oxide
English alias C.I.
C.I. Pigment White 6
Titanium dioxide
Titanium Oxide
Titania
Titanium (IV) dioxide
Rutile
dioxotitanium
Titanium(IV)oxide
Titanium oxide (&#;)
Tilac D
TiLox-Black
Pigment Black 35
Titanium Dioxide food grade
Titanium dioxide,rutile
Titanium dioxide,anatase
pigment white
titanium white
rutile titanium dioxide
anatase titanium dioxide
Anatase,oxid titanium
CAS -67-7
-80-2
-70-0
-87-0
-13-2
EINECS 236-675-5; 257-372-4; 215-280-1; 257-372-4
Chemical formula TiO2
The molecular weight of 79.
InChI InChI=1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2
InChIKey SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Density 4.17 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Melting point of - &#;
Solubility in water insoluble
PH < 1
Powder and color White
Physical and chemical properties white powder.
Soft, odorless, tasteless white powder with strong hiding and coloring power, melting point ~ &#;. Insoluble in water, dilute inorganic acid, organic solvent, oil, slightly soluble in alkali, soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. It turns yellow when heated and white when cooled. Rutile type (R type) has a density of 4.26g/cm3 and a refractive index of 2.72. R titanium dioxide has the characteristics of good weather resistance, water resistance and not yellowing, but the whiteness is slightly worse. Anatase type (type A) has A density of 3.84g/cm3 and A refractive index of 2.55. Type A titanium dioxide has poor light resistance and is not resistant to weathering, but its whiteness is better. In recent years, it has been found that nano-scale ultrafine titanium dioxide (usually 10 ~ 50 nm) has semiconductor properties, high stability, high transparency, high activity and high dispersion, and no toxicity and color effect.
Products used in paint, ink, plastic, rubber, paper, chemical fiber and other industries; Titanium dioxide (nano-scale) is widely used in functional ceramics, catalysts, cosmetics and photosensitive materials
White inorganic pigment. It is one of the strongest white pigments, with excellent hiding power and color fastness, suitable for opaque white products. Rutile type is especially suitable for outdoor plastic products, which can give good photostability. Anatase type is mainly used for indoor products, but slightly blue light, high whiteness, large hiding power, strong coloring power and good dispersion. Titanium dioxide is widely used as paint, paper, rubber, plastic, enamel, glass, cosmetics, ink, watercolor and oil color pigment, can also be used in metallurgy, radio, ceramics, electrode
Dangerous Goods Mark Xn - Hazardous goods
Link to Chuangge
Risk Term R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R36/37/38 - Irritates eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Term S26 - After contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36 - Wear appropriate protective clothing.
Dangerous Goods Transport number N/A
RTECS XR
TSCA Yes
Customs number
Upstream feedstock polyaluminium chloride phosphate sulphuric acid diantimony trioxide sodium hydroxide potassium iron carbonate powder hydrochloric acid
Downstream product potassium fluorotitanate
Titanium dioxide - Properties
White amorphous powder. There are three variations of titanium dioxide found in nature: rutile is a tetra crystal; Anatase is tetragonal crystal; Plate titanite is an orthogonal crystal. It is yellow for mild heat and brown for strong heat. Insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid or dilute sulfuric acid and organic solvents, soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, slightly soluble in alkali and hot nitric acid. Long boiling to dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Interacts with molten sodium hydroxide to form titanate. At high temperature, it can be reduced to low-priced titanides by hydrogen, carbon and sodium metal, and can react with carbon disulfide to form titanium disulfide. The refractive index of titanium dioxide, which is the largest among white pigments, is 8.70 for rutile and 2.55 for anatase. The melting and boiling points of both anatase and anatase TIO 2 are virtually non-existent because they are converted into rutile at high temperatures. Only rutile titanium dioxide has melting point and boiling point. The melting point of rutile titanium dioxide is &#;, the melting point in air ( soil 15)&#;, the melting point in oxygen-rich &#;, and the melting point is related to the purity of titanium dioxide. The boiling point of rutile titanium dioxide is ( soil 300)K. At this high temperature, titanium dioxide is slightly volatile.
Last updated: -01-01 09:03:38
Titanium dioxide - Standard
This product is calculated as dry product, containing TK)2 should be 98.0% ~ %.
Last updated: -01-01 11:19:35
Titanium dioxide - Preparation method
&#; Dissolve industrial titanium sulfate in water and filter. Add ammonia to precipitate gruel, then filter. Then it was dissolved with oxalic acid solution, precipitated with ammonia and filtered. The resulting precipitate was dried at 170&#; and calcined at 540&#; to obtain pure titanium dioxide.
&#; It is mostly open pit mining. Primary titanium ore dressing can be divided into pre-separation (commonly used magnetic separation and gravity separation method), iron separation (magnetic separation method), titanium (gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation and flotation method) three stages; The beneficiation of titanium and zirconium placer (mainly coastal placer, followed by inland placer) can be divided into two stages: roughing and cleaning. In , Zhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive UTILIZATION of Ministry of Geology and MINERAL Resources adopted magnetic separation, gravity separation and acid leaching process to beneficiate Xixia super large rutile ore in Henan Province, which has passed the trial production, and all the indicators are in the leading level in China.
Last updated: -01-01 09:03:39
Titanium dioxide - Properties
1. This product is white powder; Odorless, tasteless.
2. This product is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
Last updated: -01-01 11:19:36
Titanium dioxide - Purpose
&#; It can be used as a reagent for spectral analysis, preparation of high purity titanium salt, pigment, polyethylene colorant and abrasive. Also used in pharmaceutical industry, capacitive media, high temperature resistant alloy, high temperature resistant titanium sponge manufacturing.
&#; For the production of titanium dioxide, titanium sponge, titanium alloy, artificial rutile, titanium tetrachlor, titanium sulfate, potassium fluorotitanate, aluminum titanium chloride, etc. Titanium dioxide can be made of senior white paint, white rubber, synthetic fiber, coating, electrode and rayon lightreducing agent, plastic and high-grade paper filler, also used in telecommunications equipment, metallurgy, printing, printing and dyeing, enamel and other departments. Rutile is also the main mineral raw material for titanium extraction. Titanium and its alloy has high strength, low density, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, non-toxic and other excellent properties, and has the absorption of gas, superconductivity and other special functions, so it is widely used in aviation, chemical industry, light industry, navigation, medical, national defense and Marine resources development and other fields. More THAN 90% OF titanium minerals in the world are used in the production of titanium dioxide white pigment, and this product is more and more widely used in paint, rubber, plastic, papermaking and other industries.
Last updated: -01-01 09:03:40
Titanium dioxide - Identification
Take about 0_5g of this product, add 5g anhydrous sodium sulfate and 10ml water, mix well, add 10ml sulfuric acid, heat and boil until clarified, cool down, slowly add sulfuric acid solution (25-100) 30m L, dilute to 100ml with water, shake well, test as follows.
1. Take 5ml solution, add a few drops of hydrogen peroxide test solution, that is, orange red.
2. Take 5ml solution, add several zinc particles, put for 4 or 5 minutes, the solution will appear purple blue.
Last updated: -01-01 11:19:36
Titanium dioxide - Safety
&#; Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. The package is sealed. Can not be stored and mixed with acid goods.
&#; The rutile mineral products shall not be mixed with foreign debris in the process of packaging, storage and transportation. Packaging materials should be corrosion resistant and not easily damaged. Double bag packaging, inner and outer layer specifications to match, the inner layer for plastic bag or cloth bag (can also use brown paper), outer layer for woven bag. Each package is 25kg or 50kg net. When packing, the bag mouth should be sealed tightly, the mark on the bag should be firm, and the writing should be clear and non-fading. Each batch of mineral products shall be accompanied by a quality certificate conforming to the standard. Mineral products shall be stored in different grades, not mixed, and the storage site shall be clean.
Last updated: -01-01 09:03:40
Titanium dioxide - Check
ph
Take 5.0g of this product, add 50ml water to dissolve it, filter it, take a precise amount of additional filtrate 10 m L, add 0.1ml bromothymol blue indicator solution; If the color is blue, add hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.01m OL /L) 1.0ml, the strain is yellow; If yellow, add sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.01mOl/L) L. Oml, the strain is blue.
Dissolved matter in water
Take this product lo.og, add ammonium sulfate 0.5g, add water 150ml, heat and boil it for 5 minutes, cool it down, dilute it with water to 200ml, shake it well, filter it with double layer quantitative filter paper, take a precise amount of additional filtrate 100ml, put it in a constant weight evaporation dish at 105°C, and dry it, 105X: The residue should not exceed 12.5mg (0.25%) after drying to a constant weight.
A dissolved substance in an acid
Take 5.0g of this product, add 0.5m O L /L hydrochloric acid solution 1 0m L, heat it in a water bath for 30 minutes, stir it from time to time, filter it with three layers of quantitative filter paper, wash the filter residue with 0.5m O L /L hydrochloric acid solution, combine the filtrate and lotion, put it in a 105°C constant weight evaporation dish, and dry it at 105°C to constant weight. The residual residue shall not exceed 25mg(0. 5%).
Barium salt
Take 10.0g of this product, add 30ml hydrochloric acid, shake for 1 minute, add 10ml water, heat and boil, filter while hot, wash the residue with 60ml water, combine filtrate and lotion, dilute to 20m l with water, shake well, take 10ml, add sulfuric acid solution (5.5-600) lm l, stand for 30 minutes, Turbidity or precipitation shall not be produced.
Antimony salt
Take the product 0.50g, add anhydrous sodium sulfate 5g, put it in a long-neck combustion flask, add water 10 m L, shake well, carefully add sulfuric acid 10 m L, shake well, heat carefully boil to clarify, put cold, add water 3 0 m L, then slowly add sulfuric acid 10 m L, mix well, put cold, Dilute to 1 0 m L with water and shake well to obtain the test solution. Take potassium antimony tartrate 0.24 4 g, add 25 % hydrochloric acid solution 2 0m L to dissolve, add water to dilute to 10 m L, shake well, take 10 0m L, put in 10 0m L measuring bottle, add 25 % hydrochloric acid solution 2 0 0m L, add water to dilute to scale, shake well, Take 1 0 m L, put 1 0 m L measuring bottle, add 25 % hydrochloric acid solution 3 0 m L, add water dilution to the scale, that is to get antimony standard solution (with new, each L m L is equivalent to 1 ton antimony). Take 10 m L of test solution, add 10 m L of hydrochloric acid and water, shake well, cool to 2 0 °C, add 10 % sodium nitrite solution (new for temporary use) 0.5 m L, stand for 5 minutes, Add 1 % hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution 5 m L and 0. 01 % rhodamine B solution (new preparation) 10 m L, mix well, extract with toluene 10 m L for 1 min (if necessary, centrifuge for 2 min). Take antimony standard solution 5. 0m L, add hydrochloric acid 1 0m!, add mixed solution (anhydrous sodium sulfate 0. 5 g, add sulfuric acid 2 m L, dilute with water to 1 5 m L, shake well, that is,) 1 5 m L, since "cooling to 2 0 °C......" From, with the test solution with the method of operation. The toluene layer of the test solution shall not be darker than the toluene layer of antimony standard solution (0. 01%).
Iron salts
Take 20ml of the test solution under "antimony salt" and check it according to law (General Rule ). Compared with the control solution made of standard iron solution 2.OML, it should not be deeper (0. 02%).
Dry weight loss
Take this product, dry at 105°C for 3 hours, the weight loss should not be more than 0. 5%(general rule ).
On ignition of weightlessness
Take about 2g of dried product, accurately weigh it, burn it at about 800°C to constant weight, and the weight loss shall not exceed 0.5%.
Heavy metal
Take the product 5.1g, add 7.5ml hydrochloric acid, shake for 1 minute, add 25ml water, heat and boil, filter, wash the filter residue with water, combine the filtrate and wash solution, put it in a 50ml measuring bottle, dilute it with water to the scale, shake well, take a precise measurement of 100 ml, and drop the ammonia test solution until the indicator solution is neutral to the sulfur dioxide. Then add dilute acetic acid 2 m L, dilute with water into 25ml, check according to law (general rules first method), contain heavy metal shall not exceed 20 parts per million.
Arsenic salt
Take this product 0. 4G, check according to law (General rules first law), should comply with the provisions (0.%).
Last updated: -01-01 11:19:37
Titanium dioxide - Determination of content
Take this product is 0.25 g, quartz crucible, precision said, add 2 g potassium sulphate coke, small molten fire, the fire to honeycomb, put the cold, in 2 ~ 3 times with 20 ml of sulfuric acid are melted at a time, put the cold, respectively, transferred to the same about 100 ml of water in the beaker, beaten, put cold, move into 250 ml volumetric flask (water bath heating to when necessary