An arc flash risk assessment is a process to determine if an arc flash hazard exists. If it does, the risk assessment shall determine the appropriate safety-related work practices, the arc flash boundary, and the personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used within the arc flash boundary.
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A complete AR (Arc-Rated) clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. Arc-Rated apparel is a broad category of clothing designed to protect employees from electrical arc events during completion of energized tasks. (Such a suit typically includes pants, jacket, and a beekeeper style hood fitted with a face shield). (see NFPA 70E 130.7(C))
A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an electric arc.
The maximum incident energy resistance demonstrated by a material (or a layered system of materials) prior to breaking open or at the onset of a second-degree skin burn. This rating is assigned to electrical protective clothing and is normally expressed in calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2). (See NFPA 70E-9)
A distance from an electrical device or system which are used to specify what activities and personnel are allowed, and what personal protective equipment are required within that distance from the electrical device or system. Two independent boundary categories exist: arc flash and shock protection. Within shock protection there are also two boundaries defined: limited approach and restricted approach.
Distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second-degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. This boundary may only be crossed by a qualified person wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
The shock protection boundaries identified as limited approach boundary and restricted approach boundary shall be applicable where approaching personnel are exposed to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.
The distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
The distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased likelihood of electric shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part.
Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth.
A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with NCSU policy, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary.
Electrically connected to, or is, a source of voltage.
Electrical Safety Devices
Electricity makes the world run by powering computers and buildings, recharging batteries for portable handheld devices and keeping our buildings warm. However, electricity is also dangerous to humans and equipment, so electrical safety devices have been designed as protection against potential electrical hazards.
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Electrical Safety Devices Circuit Breakers
Electrical safety devices protect electrical circuits from short circuits or overloads. A circuit breaker is designed to stop incoming electrical flow at the sign of any irregularities (faults) such as an overload (more than normal electrical flow that the electrical system can handle). Once triggered, circuit breakers can be automatically or manually reset, unlike fuses that have to be replaced once used. Circuit breakers vary in size to protect electrical equipment from small (fit for a home) to large (fit for a city).
Electrical Safety Devices Fuses
Fuses are electrical safety devices that are considered sacrificial lambs. A fuse is a simple metal strip or wire that melts when its exposed to high levels of electricity. This happens when too much electricity flows into the power system. The fuse interrupts the connected circuit and absorbs the electrical overflow to protect electrical equipment from extensive damage caused by fire or overheating. Fuses, among other overcurrent protection devices, are required in electrical systems to protect human life and to avoid property damage.
Electrical Safety Devices Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs)
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters are electrical safety devices that are designed to limit the damage of electrical shocks by quickly disconnecting the circuit when the return neutral conductor and the energized conductor are not balanced. This electrical safety wiring device disconnects the circuit wherever this imbalance is located. Imbalances can be caused by current leaks through human tissue due to accidental grounded contact with energized circuits. This electrical safety device can be effective under these conditions, however, provide limited protection against short-circuits or overloads.
Electrical Safety Devices Protective Relays
Protective relays evaluate the ongoing operation of electrical circuits, and, if a fault is detected, then these electrical safety devices trip circuit breakers to minimize the damage on electrical equipment. Relays monitor electrical circuits and respond to reverse power flow, over-voltage, over-current, under- and over-frequency conditions.
Electrical Safety Devices Surge Protectors
Surge protector is an electrical safety device that protects electrical equipment against voltage spikes. Electrical equipment can be protected when these electrical safety devices try to limit any excess amount of supplied voltage by either shorting to ground or blocking extra voltages.
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